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Neuroscience > 17 JUNE 2019 > Flashcards

17 JUNE 2019 Flashcards

1
Q

horner’s syndrome means what?

A

that the sympathethic nervous system isn’t working

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2
Q

what are four symptoms of horners syndrome:

A

eyelid drop
constriction of the pupil
flushing (due to vasodilation)
no sweating

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3
Q

why do the symptoms of horners occur:

A

sympathetic system causes

  1. controls the eyelid to widen
  2. causes pupils to dilate
  3. causes vessels to constrict
  4. allows sweat glands to open to cool down body
    * **all responses for flight or fight
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4
Q

the sympathetic nervous systems covers what?

A

the exteremitites

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5
Q

the parasymapthetic nervous systems covers what?

A

the core / vesseral

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6
Q

orthostatic hypotension occurs when

A

there is a decrease in BP during 1st 3min of standing

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7
Q

what are the levels of orthostatic hypotension?

A

20 mm Hg SBP

10 mm Hg DBP

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8
Q

what are tropic changes that happen in the feet with sympathetic nerve damage?

A

shiny thin fragile hairless skin
redness
lack of sweating
poor nail growth

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9
Q

why do these changes in the feet happen w/ sympathetic damage:

A

there is no vasoconstriction cutting off blood supply

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10
Q

what does syncope mean?

A

fainting

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11
Q

a neural reflexive syncope also is called:

A

vasovagal

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12
Q

when does neural reflexive syncope happen?

A

in response to stress on the body all your blood vessels open up and then you faint.

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13
Q

orthostatic syncope happens when

A

blood vessels constrict and close blood flow

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14
Q

cardiac syncope happens when

A

the heart is unable to pump enough blood

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15
Q

what are the three types of syncope?

A

neural reflexive
orthostatic
cardiac

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16
Q

how many neuron pathways are there?

A

3

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17
Q

what are the 3 neuron pathways called?

A

first order
second order
third order

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18
Q

mechanoreceptors have what subset of receptors:

A

nocioreceptors

high threshold

19
Q

chemoreceptors have what type of subset of receptors:

A

nocioreceptors

high threshold

20
Q

light cutaneous receptors can feel what?

A

touch pain and temperature

21
Q

deep cutaneous receptors can feel what?

A 
propriocpetion 
nociception (passive)
22
Q

tonic receptors are

A

slow adapting

23
Q

phasic receptors are

A

fast adapting

24
Q

what does a high threshold mean?

A

it takes a BIG stimulus to trigger the neuron

25
Q

what are the three receptors in the first order neuron pathway?

A

mechano
chemo
thermo

26
Q

phasic receptors do what?

A

respond to change

27
Q

tonic receptors do what?

A

remain the signal

28
Q

two differences between phasic and tonic receptors?

A

phasic are fast adapating / respond to change

tonic are slow adapting / remain a signal

29
Q

what are the sizes of the receptive field?

A

smaller distally

larger proximally

30
Q

first order neurons are classified how?

A

by the size of the diameter

so the top = the largest aka the Ia

31
Q

what is the scheme for classifying first order neurons?

A 
1a 
1b 
11
111
1V

scheme ii:
a -beta
a -delta
c

32
Q

what is the “rule” for diameter size for first order neurons:

A

the “firster” the number/letter the BIGGER the diameter

33
Q

how does density change in first order neurons throughout the body?

A

greater density distally

lesser proximally

34
Q

what is the receptive field?

A

the peripheral sensory axon and all its terminal branches

35
Q

what do a - beta neurons supply:

A

light (disciminative) touch

36
Q

what is another word for light touch

A

discriminative

37
Q

what can light touch dooo?

A

describe the touch

locate it on the body

38
Q

what can superficial receptors feel?

A 
touch 
vibration 
pressure 
hair movement 
stretch
39
Q

what neurons supply course touch?

A

A-delta and C

40
Q

what are the two subsets of course touch?

A

nociception

temperature

41
Q

nociception and temperature are supply by what scheme of first order neurons and then have what type of nerves?

A
  1. A-delta and C

2. free nerve ends

42
Q

a plexus can do what two things?

A

mix or unmix

43
Q

which way does the plexus work?

A

unmixes going proximal to distal

mixes going distal to proximal

44
Q

difference between a dermatome injury and a peripheral nerve injury?

A

a dermatome injury you can loss all sensation in your hand

a peripheral nerve injury you can loss only part sensation

Neuroscience (29 decks)

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