17 JUNE 2019

Question 1

horner’s syndrome means what?

Answer 1

that the sympathethic nervous system isn’t working

Question 2

what are four symptoms of horners syndrome:

Answer 2

eyelid drop
constriction of the pupil
flushing (due to vasodilation)
no sweating

Question 3

why do the symptoms of horners occur:

Answer 3

sympathetic system causes

1. controls the eyelid to widen
2. causes pupils to dilate
3. causes vessels to constrict
4. allows sweat glands to open to cool down body
   * **all responses for flight or fight

Question 4

the sympathetic nervous systems covers what?

Answer 4

the exteremitites

Question 5

the parasymapthetic nervous systems covers what?

Answer 5

the core / vesseral

Question 6

orthostatic hypotension occurs when

Answer 6

there is a decrease in BP during 1st 3min of standing

Question 7

what are the levels of orthostatic hypotension?

Answer 7

20 mm Hg SBP

10 mm Hg DBP

Question 8

what are tropic changes that happen in the feet with sympathetic nerve damage?

Answer 8

shiny thin fragile hairless skin
redness
lack of sweating
poor nail growth

Question 9

why do these changes in the feet happen w/ sympathetic damage:

Answer 9

there is no vasoconstriction cutting off blood supply

Question 10

what does syncope mean?

Answer 10

fainting

Question 11

a neural reflexive syncope also is called:

Answer 11

vasovagal

Question 12

when does neural reflexive syncope happen?

Answer 12

in response to stress on the body all your blood vessels open up and then you faint.

Question 13

orthostatic syncope happens when

Answer 13

blood vessels constrict and close blood flow

Question 14

cardiac syncope happens when

Answer 14

the heart is unable to pump enough blood

Question 15

what are the three types of syncope?

Answer 15

neural reflexive
orthostatic
cardiac

Question 16

how many neuron pathways are there?

Answer 16

3

Question 17

what are the 3 neuron pathways called?

Answer 17

first order
second order
third order

Question 18

mechanoreceptors have what subset of receptors:

Answer 18

nocioreceptors

high threshold

Question 19

chemoreceptors have what type of subset of receptors:

Answer 19

nocioreceptors

high threshold

Question 20

light cutaneous receptors can feel what?

Answer 20

touch pain and temperature

Question 21

deep cutaneous receptors can feel what?

Answer 21

propriocpetion 
nociception (passive)

Question 22

tonic receptors are

Answer 22

slow adapting

Question 23

phasic receptors are

Answer 23

fast adapting

Question 24

what does a high threshold mean?

Answer 24

it takes a BIG stimulus to trigger the neuron

Question 25

what are the three receptors in the first order neuron pathway?

Answer 25

mechano chemo thermo

Question 26

phasic receptors do what?

Answer 26

respond to change

Question 27

tonic receptors do what?

Answer 27

remain the signal

Question 28

two differences between phasic and tonic receptors?

Answer 28

phasic are fast adapating / respond to change | tonic are slow adapting / remain a signal

Question 29

what are the sizes of the receptive field?

Answer 29

smaller distally | larger proximally

Question 30

first order neurons are classified how?

Answer 30

by the size of the diameter | so the top = the largest aka the Ia

Question 31

what is the scheme for classifying first order neurons?

Answer 31

``` 1a 1b 11 111 1V ``` scheme ii: a -beta a -delta c

Question 32

what is the "rule" for diameter size for first order neurons:

Answer 32

the "firster" the number/letter the BIGGER the diameter

Question 33

how does density change in first order neurons throughout the body?

Answer 33

greater density distally | lesser proximally

Question 34

what is the receptive field?

Answer 34

the peripheral sensory axon and all its terminal branches

Question 35

what do a - beta neurons supply:

Answer 35

light (disciminative) touch

Question 36

what is another word for light touch

Answer 36

discriminative

Question 37

what can light touch dooo?

Answer 37

describe the touch | locate it on the body

Question 38

what can superficial receptors feel?

Answer 38

``` touch vibration pressure hair movement stretch ```

Question 39

what neurons supply course touch?

Answer 39

A-delta and C

Question 40

what are the two subsets of course touch?

Answer 40

nociception | temperature

Question 41

nociception and temperature are supply by what scheme of first order neurons and then have what type of nerves?

Answer 41

1. A-delta and C | 2. free nerve ends

Question 42

a plexus can do what two things?

Answer 42

mix or unmix

Question 43

which way does the plexus work?

Answer 43

unmixes going proximal to distal | mixes going distal to proximal

Question 44

difference between a dermatome injury and a peripheral nerve injury?

Answer 44

a dermatome injury you can loss all sensation in your hand | a peripheral nerve injury you can loss only part sensation