3: KKDP 2: The role of neurotransmitters & neurohormones in memory and learning

Question 1

Neurotransmitters role in learning and memory:

Answer 1

Neurotransmitters enable communication of the information being learned and leads to structural changes at the synapse to ensure memory is long-lasting

Question 2

Neurohormones:

Answer 2

Chemical messengers that are manufactured by neurons and released by axon terminals

Question 3

Neurohormones are released:

Answer 3

Into the capillaries, absorbed by the bloodstream and carried to target neurons or cells

Question 4

Neurohormone messages travel … than neurotransmitters:

Answer 4

Slower

Question 5

Difference 1:

Answer 5

NT - Released into synaptic gap

NH - Released directly into bloodstream

Question 6

Difference 2:

Answer 6

NT - Carry messages from pre-synaptic neuron to post-synaptic neuron
NH- Carry messages throughout the body so it can affect target cells

Question 7

Difference 3:

Answer 7

NT - Effect is quick

NH - Effect is not as quick as a NT

Question 8

Similarity 1:

Answer 8

Both chemicals released by a pre-synaptic neuron

Question 9

Similarity 2:

Answer 9

Both enable learning and memory formation

Question 10

Glutamate role:

Answer 10

Vital role in LTP and LTD

Question 11

LTP/LTD/Glutamate:

Answer 11

The more often glutamate can excite neurons, the more it contributes to LTP and vice versa for LTD

Question 12

Adrenaline:

Answer 12

Acts as a hormone when it is released into the bloodstream from the adrenal gland, but acts as a neurohormone in the brain

Question 13

Adrenaline enhances:

Answer 13

Consolidation of emotionally arousing experiences

Question 14

Adrenaline occurs:

Answer 14

As a result of the fight or flight response

Question 15

There is…

Answer 15

An optimal amount of adrenaline to enhance memory consolidation, too much adrenaline can impair consolidation.