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Fitz 9th > 27 - Occupational Skin Disease > Flashcards

27 - Occupational Skin Disease Flashcards

1
Q

Exposure classification of occupational skin diseases

A
  1. Chemical
  2. Mechanical
  3. Physical
  4. Biologic
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2
Q

Vast majority of occupational skin diseases are attributed to _____ agents

A

Chemical

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3
Q

Occupational contact dermatitis comprises _____% of occupational skin diseases

A

90-95

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4
Q

Highest total skin disease cases found in

A

Education and health services

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5
Q

Highest incidence rate of skin diseases found in

A

Natural resources and mining industries

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6
Q

Vast proportion of occupational skin diseases occur on the

A

Hands (80%)

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7
Q

Most common occupational exposure leading to contact dermatitis

A

Wet work tasks

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8
Q

ICD presentations

A 
Acute
Irritant reaction 
Cumulative
Traumatic
Asteatotic dermatitis
Pustular and acneiform
Subjective
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9
Q

Manifests when the skin is exposed to a potent irritant or caustic chemical

A

Acute ICD

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11
Q

Decrescendo vs crescendo: ICD or ACD

A

Decrescendo: ICD
Crescendo: ACD

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12
Q

Most frequent potent culprits giving rise to acute ICD

A

Acids and alkaline

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13
Q

Scaling and erythema are first identified under rings before spreading over fingers to hands and forearms

A

Irritant reaction contact dermatitis

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14
Q

Irritant reaction contact dermatitis usually affects the

A

Dorsum of the hand

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15
Q

Consequence of multiple subthreshold insults to the skin with insufficient time between insults to allow complete restoration of the skin barrier function

A

Cumulative ICD

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16
Q

In cumulative ICD, clinical symptoms develop only when the damage exceeds an individually determined

A

Manifestation threshold

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17
Q

Associated with weak irritants rather than potent irritants

A

Cumulative ICD

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18
Q

May arise after acute skin trauma

A

Traumatic ICD

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19
Q

Seen predominantly in elderly individuals with a history of extensive usage of soaps and cleansing products

A

Asteatotic dermatitis

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20
Q

Should always be considered when acneiform lesions develop in postadolescent patients who never had teenage acne

A

Pustular and acneiform ICD

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21
Q

Y/N: Pustules are sterile and transient in pustular and acneiform ICD.

A

Yes

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22
Q

Result from exposure to specific irritants such as croton oil, mineral ouls, tars, greases and naphthalenes

A

Pustular and acneiform ICD

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23
Q

Lack of objective clinical signs as individuals complain of a sensation of burning or stinging

A

Subjective ICD

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24
Q

Subjective ICD has been observed with chemicals such as

A

Lactic acid

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25
Q

Most common type of contact urticaria

A

Nonimmunologic contact urticaria

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26
Q

Nonimmunologic vs immunologic contact urticaria

A

Nonimmunologic: remains localized, less severe, not inhibited by H-1 antihistamines

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27
Q

Y/N: Oral or topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications are effective for nonimmunologic contact urticaria.

A

Yes

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28
Q

Prototypical example of immunologic contact urticaria

A

Contact urticaria from latex gloves

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29
Q

Immunologic contact urticaria stage: localized urticaria, dermatitis, or nonspecific symptoms

A

Stage 1

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30
Q

Immunologic contact urticaria stage: generalized urticaria

A

Stage 2

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31
Q

Immunologic contact urticaria stage: Urticaria and rhinoconjunctivitis, asthma, or GI symptoms

A

Stage 3

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32
Q

Immunologic contact urticaria stage: anaphylaxis

A

Stage 4

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33
Q

Majority of natural rubber latex allergy caused a type _____ hypersensitivity reaction

A

IV

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34
Q

Second most common cause of immunologic contact urticaria

A

Food

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35
Q

Contact urticaria of uncertain mechanism is most commonly caused by

A

Ammonium persulfate in bleaching hair boosters

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36
Q

Exposure to certain dioxins, naphthalenes, biphenyls, dibenzofurans, azobenzenes, and azoxybenzens have been associated with

A

Chloracne

37
Q

Subclinical irritant dermatitis

A

Irritation reaction contact dermatitis

38
Q

Harpist’s

A

Finger

39
Q

Fiddler’s

A

Neck

40
Q

Guitar

A

Nipple

41
Q

Cellist’s

A

Chest

42
Q

Flautist’s

A

Chin

43
Q

Jogger’s

A

Toe

44
Q

Black heel or

A

Talon noir

45
Q

Mousing

A

Callus

46
Q

Computer

A

Palms

47
Q

Use of vibration-producing tools can induce painful vascular spasms in the fingers and hands known as

A

White finger or vibration-induced white finger

48
Q

White finger or vibration-induced white finger is a secondary type of

A

Raynaud’s phenomenon

49
Q

Vibration frequencies between _____ Hz ate most strongly associated with vibration-induced white finger

A

30 and 300

50
Q

Risk factor for vibration-induced white finger

A

Smoking

51
Q

Highest incidence rates for all burn injuries

A

Welders

52
Q

Outdoor workers are loosely defined as individuals who work outdoors for _____ or more hours

A

3

53
Q

UV radiation is recognized to increase by _____% for every 1000 m in elevation

A

10-12

54
Q

Pilots and cabin crew flying for approximately _____ minutes at cruising altitude receive the same amount of UVA as that from a 20-minute tanning bed session

A

56

55
Q

Responsible for fish tank or swimming pool granuloma

A

Mycobacterium marinum

56
Q

Responsible for the acute infection of erysipeloid

A

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

57
Q

Also known as fish-handler disease

A

Erysipeloid

58
Q

Pitted keratolysis is usually caused by

A

Corynebacterium species

59
Q

Caused by gram-negative bacterium that is primarily a disease of animals in which humans are an accidental host

A

Brucellosis

60
Q

Tularemia is caused by

A

Francisella tularensis

61
Q

Most common presentation of tularemia

A

Ulceroglandular form

62
Q

Most severe though less common form of tularemia

A

Pneumonic form

63
Q

Trichophyton verrucosum is associated with

A

Cattle, farm buildings, straw

64
Q

Trichophyton mentagrophytes is associated with

A

Cattle and domestic animals

65
Q

Microsporum canis is associated with

A

Domestic animals especially cats

66
Q

Microsporum nanum is associated with

A

Pigs

67
Q

Zoonotic infection caused by a parapox virus that commonly infected sheep and goats

A

Orf or ecthyma contagiosum

68
Q

Also know as milker nodule

A

Pseudocowpox

69
Q

Transmitted by direct contact from infected cows’ udders

A

Orf or ecthyma contagiosum

70
Q

(High/Low) HPV transmission risk of oral and nasal HPV

A

Low

71
Q

Butcher wart virus

A

HPV-7

72
Q

Open test: (immunologic/nomimmunologic contract urticaria) usually presents earlier (15-20 min), whereas (immunologic/nomimmunologic contract urticaria) may be delayed (45-60 min) after application

A

Immunologic

Nonimmunologic

73
Q

Exposure to arsenic can be detected in

A

Blood
Hair
Nails
Urine

74
Q

Most reliable indicator of exposure to arsenic

A

Urine

75
Q

When measuring arsenic in urine, it is important to requesr

A

Speciation to determine the specific amounts of organic versus inorganic arsenic

76
Q

Toxic forms of arsenic

A

Inorganic arsenic
Elemental arsenic
Arsine gas

77
Q

Organjc arsenic can be found in

A

Seafood

78
Q

Significantly elevate total arsenic levels up to _____ hours after ingesting a seafood meal

A

72

79
Q

In the occupational setting, beryllium sensitization can be detected throug

A

Beryllium lymphocyte proliferation test

80
Q

Permanent and potentially progressive granulomatous restrictive lung disease

A

Chronic beryllium disease

81
Q

Y/N: Older individuals have increased reactivity to irritants

A

No - increased reactivity

82
Q

Hierarchy of controls for mitigating hazards from most to least protective

A 
Elimination
Substitution
Engineering
Administrative
PPE
83
Q

_____ skin may be more reactive and _____ skin less reactive than white skin

A

Asian

Black

84
Q

Atopic dermatitis is known to increase the susceptibility of skin to (irritants/allergens) but not to (irritants/allergens)

A

Irritants

Allergens

85
Q

Wet work conditions are defined as

A

Exposure of skin to liquid for more than 2 hours per day or
Use of occlusive gloves for more than 2 hours per day or
Frequent handwashing

86
Q

Characterized by multiple closed comedones and straw-colored cysts primarily over the malar crescents and retroauricular folds

A

Chloracne

Fitz 9th (108 decks)

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