171 - Endemic (Nonvenereal) Treponematoses Flashcards
Endemic treponematoses include
Pinta
Yaws
Bejel
Important differences between the endemic treponematoses and syphilis
Nonvenereal form of transmission
Endemic occurrence
Tendency to affect children
Less likely risk for congenital transmission
Most benign of endemic treponematosis
Clinical manifestations limited to the skin, including vitiligo-like achromic lesions as well as hyperpigmented lesions
Pinta
Etiologic agent of pinta
Treponema carateum
Considered the first trepanematosis to occur in humans
Pinta
It has been said that _____ was man’s best friend: it follows him to the grave
Pinta
Stages of pinta
- Primary stage
a. Early phase or initial period
b. Secondary phase or period of cutaneous dissemination - Late stage
Lesions of pinta that are initially red to violaceous and later become slate-blue, brown, gray, or black
Pintides
Areas that are often spared by pinta
Groin
Genital area
Inner and upper parts of the thighs
Y/N: Therapy can reverse the skin changes of late pinta
No - cannot reverse
Y/N: The only known reservoir of pinta is human beings
Yes
Assays used to detect Treponema-specific antibodies
When the result is positive, it usually remains positive for life
T. pallidum particle agglutination (TPPA)
T. pallidum particle hemagglutination (TPHA)
Y/N: The venereal disease research laboratory (VDRL) and rapid plasma reagin (RPR) tests are specific tests
No - nonspecific
More accurate to reflect disease activity, with titers falling rapidly after successful treatment
RPR
VDRL
Y/N: Serologic techniques cannot distinguish pinta from syphilis or any of the other nonvenereal treponematoses
Yes
Recommended treatment for pinta
Single or divided dose of long-acting benzathine penicillin (1.2 MU for adults; 0.6 MU for children)
Treatment with benzathine penicillin renders yaws lesions non-infectious in less than
24 hours
Most prevalent of the endemic treponematoses
Yaws
Countries with the largest cases of yaws
Papua New Guinea
Solomon Islands
Ghana
Causative agent of yaws
T. pallidum spp pertenue
Primary lesion of yaws: papule that evolves into a proliferative, exudative, papillomatous lesion or a crusted, nontender ulcer, most commonly located on the legs
Mother yaws, maman pian, or buba madre
Secondary lesions of yaws: exudative, proliferative, and papillomatous
Usually generalized, bilateral, and symmetrical
Pianomes
Secondary lesions of yaws: dry and papulosquamous
Multiple and generalized, and have annular or discoid morphology, with a squamous collaret (tinea yaws), grouped in a corymbose pattern
Pianides
Most representative lesion of yaws
Pianomes or frambesiomas
