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Nutrition 2 (Semester II) > 15e. Urinary Health - UTIs > Flashcards

15e. Urinary Health - UTIs Flashcards

1
Q

What is an infection in the kidney called?

A

Pyelonephritis

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2
Q

What is an infection in the bladder called?

A

Cystitis

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3
Q

What is an infection in the urethra called?

A

Urethritis

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4
Q

Disturbance to what can result in infection?

A

Microbial terrain

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5
Q

Which bacteria relates to 80-90% of UTIs?

A

Escherichia coli
(E. coli)

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6
Q

Signs and symptoms of cystitis

A

Dysuria
Frequent/urgent urination
Suprapubic pain
Foul smelling/cloudy urine
Haematuria

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7
Q

Signs and symptoms of urethritis

A

Dysuria
Urethral discharge
Pruritis

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8
Q

Signs and symptoms of pyelonephritis

A

Fever
Chills
Nausea
Loin discomfort
Blood or pus in urine
(red flag!)

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9
Q

Causes and risk factors for UTIs

A

Women
Menopause
Pregnancy
Sexual activity
Elderly
BPH
Antibiotics
Intestinal dysbiosis
Gut-vagina-bladder axis

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10
Q

Why are women more at risk of getting a UTI?

A

Shorter urethra
More chance of bacteria ascending to bladder

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11
Q

Why is menopause a risk factor for getting a UTI?

A

Low oestrogen reduces vaginal mucus
Reduces monitoring of bacterial species

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12
Q

Why is pregnancy a risk factor for getting a UTI?

A

Pressure of growing uterus on ureter and bladder preventing complete voiding

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13
Q

Why is sexual activity a risk factor for getting a UTI?

A

Introduces new bacteria

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14
Q

Why is being elderly a risk factor for getting a UTI?

A

Lowered immunity
Decreased mobility
Reduced mucin
Reduced bacterial adherence

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15
Q

Why is BPH a risk factor for getting a UTI?

A

Can obstruct urine flow causing bladder urinary stasis

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16
Q

Why are antibiotics a risk factor for getting a UTI?

A

Increases likelihood of opportunistic bacteria proliferating

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17
Q

Why is intestinal dysbiosis a risk factor for getting a UTI?

A

Bacteria can translocate from the perianal region and descend to the genitourinary tract

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18
Q

What happens in the gut-vagina-bladder axis?

A

Bacterial vaginosis increases UTI risk
G. vaginalis can ascend into the urinary tract, damage bladder lining and reactivate latent E. coli

19
Q

What should be avoided/reduced to support a UTI?

A

Simple sugars/refined carbs
Caffeine/diet soft drinks/alcohol
Red meat/pork/poultry

20
Q

Why should simple sugars/refined carbs be reduced/avoided in a UTI?

A

Negatively impact the microbiome
Increase inflammation
Compromise immunity

21
Q

Why should caffeine, diet soft drinks and alcohol be reduced/avoided in a UTI?

A

They can irritate the urinary tract
Caffeine - increases detrusor muscle contraction, contributing to urinary frequency and urgency

22
Q

Why should red meat, pork and poultry be avoided in a UTI?

A

Can act as a reservoir for uropathogenic E. coli
Promote inflammation (arachidonic acid)

23
Q

What should the natural approach to a UTI include?

A

Naturopathic diet
Pre-/probiotic foods
Hydration
Cranberry

24
Q

Why is the naturopathic diet good for supporting UTIs?

A

Plant-based diets are associated with reduced incidence of UTIs
Phytonutrients are antimicrobial, AO and anti-inflammatory
High fibre may modulate microbiota and prevent E. coli growth

25
Q

Why are pre-/probiotic foods good for supporting UTIs?

A

To optimise microbiota colonisation

26
Q

Why is hydration good for supporting UTIs?

A

Flush out bacteria through the urinary tract

27
Q

Why is cranberry good for supporting UTIs?

A

Proanthocyanins reduce bacterial adhesion to bladder endothelium

28
Q

Dosage of cranberry to support UTIs

A

15-30ml unsweetened/undiluted juice/day
500mg powder 3/day

29
Q

Supplements to support UTIs

A

D-mannose
A
C
D
Zn
Probiotic

30
Q

Why is D-mannose good for supporting UTIs?

A

Creates a coating around E. coli that prevents its binding to urothelium

31
Q

Dosage of D-mannose to support UTIs

A

500mg every 2hr for 3-5 days

32
Q

Why is vit A good for supporting UTIs?

A

Maintains integrity of urinary tract mucus membrane
Supports lymphatic tissues/immune cells

33
Q

Dosage of vit A to support UTIs

A

5000iu/day

34
Q

Why is vit C good for supporting UTIs?

A

Regulates lymphocytes/phagocytes/NKCs
Helps maintain integrity of uroepithelial lining

35
Q

Dosage of vit C to support UTIs

A

500-5000mg/day
(divided doses)

36
Q

Why is vit D good for supporting UTIs?

A

Promotes production of anti-microbial substances
Strengthens innate mucosal immunity

37
Q

Why is Zn good for supporting UTIs?

A

Increases resistance to infection

38
Q

Dosage of Zn to support UTIs

A

15mg - prevent
Up to 60mg - during acute infection

39
Q

Which probiotic is good for supporting UTIs?

A

Lactobacillus

40
Q

Herbal support for UTIs

A

Crataeva
Bearberry
Cornsilk

41
Q

Why is crataeva good for supporting UTIs?

A

Helps flush urinary tract

42
Q

Why is bearberry good for supporting UTIs?

A

Anti-inflammatory
Urinary antiseptic

43
Q

Why is cornsilk good for supporting UTIs?

A

Mild diuretic
Demulucent

Nutrition 2 (Semester II) (55 decks)

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