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Nutrition 2 (Semester II) > 15a. Children's Health - Baby Microbiome > Flashcards

15a. Children's Health - Baby Microbiome Flashcards

1
Q

Examples of gentler alternatives of psyllium husk for children?

A

Slippery elm
Marshmallow root
Soaked flaxseed

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2
Q

Examples of how to make ACV more palatable for children?

A

Add to salad dressing
Lemon juice in water

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3
Q

Examples of how to make bitter foods in salads more palatable for children?

A

Green smoothie
Add to sauces/stews

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4
Q

Examples of gentler alternatives of essential oils for children?

A

Use fresh garlic/herbs as antimicrobials

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5
Q

Examples of how to make turmeric more palatable to children

A

Add to non-spicy curries

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6
Q

Examples of gentler alternatives of spirulina for children

A

Chlorella liquid with peppermint

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7
Q

What is a lower microbiome diversity in children linked with later in life?

A

Obesity
T2D
Chronic inflammatory diseases

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8
Q

What is a higher microbiome diversity in children linked with later in life?

A

Healthy nervous system
Healthy brain development
Appropriate stimulation of immune system

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9
Q

Options to improve microbiome following a C-section birth

A

Baby probiotics asap following birth
Vaginal seeding

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10
Q

Which bacteria are found in abundance in vaginally born babies?

A

Bacteroides
Bifidobacterium
Lactobacillus

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11
Q

Why is bacteroides particularly important?

A

SCFA producers
Assist with maturation of Peyer’s patches

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12
Q

Which bacteria do C-section babies have in abundance?

A

Lactobacillus
Clostridium
Staphylococcus

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13
Q

Which bacteria do C-section babies have lower levels of?

A

Bifidobacterium

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14
Q

What do lower levels of Bifidobacterium correlate to in later life?

A

Higher rates of atopic disease

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15
Q

What are the benefits of microbiome diversity?

A

Enhanced lactose digestion
Intestinal wall integrity
Innate immune development
Peristalsis stabilisation

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16
Q

Which B vitamins are predominately produced by B. bifidum and B. infantis?

A

B1
B3
B7
B9

17
Q

Which B vitamins are predominately produced by B. breve and B. longum?

A

B2
B6
B12

18
Q

How is the breastmilk microbiome created?

A

Translocation of the maternal gut microbiome to the breast tissue

19
Q

What happens during the translocation of the gut microbiome to the breast tissue?

A

Dendritic cells open intestinal tight junctions and sample mother’s gut microbiome
Macrophages transport the bacteria to breast tissue, via the lymph

20
Q

How is the infant microbiome important for neurodevelopment?

A

Essential for CNS and ENS development

21
Q

How is neurodevelopment affected by an established gut microbiome?

A

Underdevelopment of the myenteric plexus
Hypersensitivity of the HPA-axis

22
Q

Which bacteria have a positive effect on temperament?

A

Bifidobacterium
Lachnospiracae

23
Q

Which bacteria have a negative effect on temperament?

A

Klebsiella
Ruminococcus-1

24
Q

Which bacteria has a positive effect on language and cognitive scores?

A

Bacteroides

25
Q

Why does a healthy microbiome have a positive effect on infant immunity?

A

Infants born Th2 dominant
Microbiome needed to normalise immune function

26
Q

What effect does being Th2 dominant have on the immune system?

A

Increases IgE production
Increases sensitivity to allergens

27
Q

Which bacteria normalises the immune function and prevents inflammatory bacteria from colonising?

A

Lactobacillus

28
Q

Which bacteria has been associated with elevated cytokines and inflammation?

A

Staphylococcus aureus

29
Q

Which prebiotics foods are best for baby?

A

Breastmilk
Vegetables
Beans
Lentils
Yoghurt
Formula containing GOS and Bifidobacterium

30
Q

How long should probiotics be supplemented for?

A

0-4 months

31
Q

How can baby be supplemented with probiotics?

A

Via mum
Powder rubbed onto nipple before feeding
Powder gently rubbed inside infant’s mouth

Nutrition 2 (Semester II) (55 decks)

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