13.3 Cultural development

Question 1

Which model is based in six core orientations towards cultural differences, representing predictabe stages of becoming more interculturally sensitive?

Answer 1

The development model

Question 2

What are the six stages of the development model?

DDMAAI

Answer 2

1 Denial
2 Defence
3 Minimalisation
4 Acceptance
5 Adaptation
6 Integration

Question 3

The cultural development model is based on 6 core orientations towards differences in cultures. Summarise stage 1 (Denial).

Answer 3

The individual does not percieve cultural difference at all, or only as “foreigners” or “minorities”.

Question 4

What competencies should be developed during the “Denial” (stage 1) of the development model?

Answer 4

Ability to recognise cultural differences and explore other cultures

Question 5

The cultural development model is based on 6 core orientations towards differences in cultures. Summarise stage 2 (Defence).

Answer 5

There is a recognition of cultural differences but with a tendency to use “us and them”, with “us” being superior.

Question 6

What competencies should be developed during the “Defence” (stage 2) of the development model?

Answer 6

Ability to manage one’s own discomfort and anxiety, and to maintain personal control.

Question 7

The cultural development model is based on 6 core orientations towards differences in cultures. Summarise stage 3 (Minimialisation).

Answer 7

Recognition of some superficial differences (surface level artefacts) while viewing all humans as essentially the same.

Question 8

What competencies should be developed during the “Minimalisation” (stage 3) of the development model?

Answer 8

Remaining open minded, learning about one’s own culture, and developing listenting skills and non-judgemental interaction

Question 9

The cultural development model is based on 6 core orientations towards differences in cultures. Summarise stage 4 (Acceptance).

Answer 9

One view’s one’s own culture is just one of a number of equally complex worldviews.

Question 10

What competencies should be developed during the “Acceptance” (stage 4) of the development model?

Answer 10

Culture-specific knowledge, the ability to differentiate and create cultural categories.

Question 11

The cultural development model is based on 6 core orientations towards differences in cultures. Summarise stage 5 (Adaptation).

Answer 11

Able to develop communication skills and alternative behaviour for other cultural contexts.

Question 12

What competencies should be developed during the “Adaptation” (stage 5) of the development model?

Answer 12

Empathy, risk taking, problem solving and flexibility in communication style.

Question 13

The cultural development model is based on 6 core orientations towards differences in cultures. Summarise stage 6 (Integration).

Answer 13

Internatlisation of bicultural or multicultural perspectives.

Question 14

What competencies should be developed during the “Integration” (stage 6) of the development model?

Answer 14

Culturally sensitive sense of humour, ability to take leadership roles, ability to switch identity according to cultural context.

Question 15

What is the term to describe the act of judging another culture based on preoccupations that are found in values and standards of one’s own culture.

Answer 15

Ethnocentrism

Question 16

What is the term used to descrive the perception of other cultures as separate and valid alternatives that are no better or worse than one’s own?

Answer 16

Ethnorelative

Question 17

Which stages of the development model are ethnocentric?

Answer 17

1 Denial
2 Defence
3 Minimalisation

Question 18

Which stages of the development model are ethnorelative?

Answer 18

4 Acceptance
5 Adaptation
6 Integration

Question 19

What does CQ stand for?

Answer 19

Cultural intelligence

Question 20

What is Earley and Mosakowski’s (2004) defintion of cultural intelligence?

Answer 20

An outsider’s seemingly natural ability to interpret someone’s unfamiliar and ambigious gestures the way that person’s compatriots would.

Question 21

What are Earley and Mosakowski’s (2004) three types of cultural intelligence that can be developed?

Answer 21

1 Cognitive CQ
2 Physical CQ
3 Emotional / motivational CQ

Question 22

Cross offers four methods of dealing with multicultural teams:

1 A________ - acknowledging and accomodating cultural gaps
2 S_________ i__________ - changing the same of the team
3 M__________ i___________ - setting norms early or bringing in a higher level manager
4 E___ - removing a team member when other options fail.

Answer 22

1 Adaptation - acknowledging and accomodating cultural gaps
2 Structural intervention - changing the same of the team
3 Managerial intervention - setting norms early or bringing in a higher level manager
4 Exit - removing a team member when other options fail.