Zoonoses

Question 1

Standard Precautions
Transmissions

Answer 1

• Contact - direct
• Droplet - respiratory / MM contact
• Airborne - droplets / dust that can be in air for extended periods

Question 2

Avian Chlamydiosis

Answer 2

Psittacosis / Parrot Fever / Ornithosis
* caused by Chlamydia psittaci
* respiratory / flu-like symptoms in humans
* quarantine and clean

Question 3

Anthrax

Answer 3

• Caused by Bacillus anthracis
• Affects all mammals and most birds
• Infects via direct contact
• Vaccines available

Question 4

Brucellosis

Answer 4

Bang Disease / Undulant Fever
* caused by Brucella spp.
* commonly affects food large animals
* can cause abortions
* infects through direct contact with infected animals or their products
* prevent with vaccines
* slaughter infected animals

Question 5

Cat Scratch Fever

Answer 5

• Primarily affects cats
• Multiple bacteria species can cause this (Pasteurella multocida)
• Younger children affected
• Infects via scratch or bite

Question 6

Listeriosis

Answer 6

• Many species affected - common in ruminants
• Infects via exposure to infected or eating contaminated feed

Question 7

Plague

Answer 7

• Caused by Yersinia spp.
• Transmitted via flea bites, direct contact, or inhalation
• Treatment therapy must be started within a few days of infection to be effective

Question 8

Q Fever

Answer 8

Coxiellosis
* affects food large animals
* humans: respiratory and flu-like symptoms
* animals: asymptomatic, but can cause abortions
* infects via inhalation of spores or eating products from infected

Question 9

Enteric Fever

Answer 9

Salmonellosis
* transmitted primarily via fecal-oral route

Question 10

Rabbit Fever

Answer 10

Tularemia
* caused by Francisella tularensis
* transmitted via infected blood / tissue of animals or ticks

Question 11

Tick Diseases
Causes

Answer 11

• Ehrlichiosis =Ehrlichia spp.
• Lyme Disease = Borrelia burgdorferi
• Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever = Rickettsia spp.

Question 12

Sleeping Sickness

Answer 12

EEE / WEE / VEE
* common in horses (equine encephalomyelitis)
* transmitted via mosquito
* vaccines available

Question 13

Herpes B Viral Infection

Answer 13

• Macaque monkeys primary species
• Transmitted via bite - saliva and tissues
• Can be fatal 2-3 days after clinical signs

Question 14

Newcastle Disease

Answer 14

• RNA virus - paramyxovirus
• See in poultry and wild birds
• Transmitted via air or feces
• Human C/S self resolving
• Vaccine available

Question 15

West Nile Virus

Answer 15

• Caused by Flavivirus
• Humans and animals can be asymptomatic
• Transmitted via mosquito
• Treat via intense supportive therapy
• Vaccines available

Question 16

Anclyostomiasis

Answer 16

Hookworm
* causes cutaneous larval migrans

Question 17

Cryptosporidiosis

Answer 17

Coccidia
* caused by Cryptosporidium parvum
* profuse diarrhea
* treat via supportive care

Question 18

Sarcoptic Mange

Answer 18

Scabies
* caused by mite: Sarcoptes scabiei
* very pruitic
* transmits via direct contact

Question 19

Toxocariasis

Answer 19

Roundworm
* caused by Toxocara spp.
* visceral and ocular larval migrans

Question 20

Toxoplasmosis

Answer 20

• Caused by Toxoplasma gondii
• Cat is definitive and intermediate host
• fecal-oral route transmission

Question 21

Dermatophytosis

Answer 21

Ringworm
* caused by Microsporum or Trichophyton spp.
* common in young animals
* transmits via direct contact

Question 22

Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy

Answer 22

Mad Cow Disease
* affects food large animals
* fatal within 1 year once clinical
* called Scrapie in sheep
* transmits via consumption of infected meat