Emergency Medicine Flashcards
Major Organ Systems
Primary Survey
- Respiratory
- Cardiovascular
- CNS
- Renal
Agonal Breathing
Gasping breath
Pulse Quality
- Normal: strong / synch with HR
- Weak: poor perfusion
- Snappy: tall / thin quality; anemia
- Bounding: sepsis
CPR
ABCD
- A: airway
- B: breathing
- C: circulation / cardiac
- D: drugs
CPR
Airway
Establish and secure airway
* intubate
* don’t delay chest compressions to intubate
CPR
Breathing
Supply of oxygen
* 2 breaths per 30 compressions
CPR
Circulation / Cardiac
External chest compressions started immediately
* perform CPR for 2 minute cycles without interruption
* compress chest 1/2 - 1/3 of chest width
CPR
Drugs
(NAVEL)
Given IV (fastest) or IT
* Naloxone
* Atropine
* Vasopressin
* Epinephrine
* Lidocaine
Orthopnea
Adaptation of Dyspnea
* patient rather stand than sit
* abducted elbows
* neck extended
Types of Shock
- Cardiogenic
- Hypovolemic
- Distributive
- Obstructive
Cardiogenic Shock
Decreased blood flow from heart
* ex: CHF and severe arrhythmias
Hypovolemic Shock
Low blood volume / excessive loss of other fluids
* most common type of shock
* most often result of trauma
* compensatory vs decompensatory
Hypovolemic Shock
Compensatory
Body has neuroendocrine response
* release hormones to fix signs
Hypovolemic Shock
Decompensatory
Performed when compensatory mechanisms fail
* this stage is fatal if no interventions taken
Hypovolemic Shock
Organs
Where more problems typically occur during shock
* Cat: lungs
* Dog: GI tract
Distributive Shock
Maldistribution of blood flow
* septic
* anaphylactic
* neurogenic
Distributive Shock
Septic Shock
Toxins in the blood / tissues
* causes inappropriate vasodilation
Distributive Shock
Anaphylactic Shock
Hypersensitivity to an allergen
* causes inappropriate vasoconstriction
Distributive Shock
Neurogenic Shock
CNS damage
* irregular blood flor
Obstructrive Shock
Physical blockage
* not a primary heart problem
* ex: saddle thrombus / GDV
CVP
Central Venous Pressure
* estimates pressure in right atrium
* assess cardiac preload and volume
* used to monitor and guide fluid therapy