Emergency Medicine Flashcards

1
Q

Major Organ Systems
Primary Survey

A
  • Respiratory
  • Cardiovascular
  • CNS
  • Renal
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2
Q

Agonal Breathing

A

Gasping breath

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3
Q

Pulse Quality

A
  • Normal: strong / synch with HR
  • Weak: poor perfusion
  • Snappy: tall / thin quality; anemia
  • Bounding: sepsis
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4
Q

CPR
ABCD

A
  • A: airway
  • B: breathing
  • C: circulation / cardiac
  • D: drugs
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5
Q

CPR
Airway

A

Establish and secure airway
* intubate
* don’t delay chest compressions to intubate

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6
Q

CPR
Breathing

A

Supply of oxygen
* 2 breaths per 30 compressions

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7
Q

CPR
Circulation / Cardiac

A

External chest compressions started immediately
* perform CPR for 2 minute cycles without interruption
* compress chest 1/2 - 1/3 of chest width

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8
Q

CPR
Drugs
(NAVEL)

A

Given IV (fastest) or IT
* Naloxone
* Atropine
* Vasopressin
* Epinephrine
* Lidocaine

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9
Q

Orthopnea

A

Adaptation of Dyspnea
* patient rather stand than sit
* abducted elbows
* neck extended

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10
Q

Types of Shock

A
  • Cardiogenic
  • Hypovolemic
  • Distributive
  • Obstructive
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11
Q

Cardiogenic Shock

A

Decreased blood flow from heart
* ex: CHF and severe arrhythmias

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12
Q

Hypovolemic Shock

A

Low blood volume / excessive loss of other fluids
* most common type of shock
* most often result of trauma
* compensatory vs decompensatory

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13
Q

Hypovolemic Shock
Compensatory

A

Body has neuroendocrine response
* release hormones to fix signs

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14
Q

Hypovolemic Shock
Decompensatory

A

Performed when compensatory mechanisms fail
* this stage is fatal if no interventions taken

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15
Q

Hypovolemic Shock
Organs

A

Where more problems typically occur during shock
* Cat: lungs
* Dog: GI tract

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16
Q

Distributive Shock

A

Maldistribution of blood flow
* septic
* anaphylactic
* neurogenic

17
Q

Distributive Shock
Septic Shock

A

Toxins in the blood / tissues
* causes inappropriate vasodilation

18
Q

Distributive Shock
Anaphylactic Shock

A

Hypersensitivity to an allergen
* causes inappropriate vasoconstriction

19
Q

Distributive Shock
Neurogenic Shock

A

CNS damage
* irregular blood flor

20
Q

Obstructrive Shock

A

Physical blockage
* not a primary heart problem
* ex: saddle thrombus / GDV

21
Q

CVP

A

Central Venous Pressure
* estimates pressure in right atrium
* assess cardiac preload and volume
* used to monitor and guide fluid therapy