Cellular Anatomy

Question 1

Solute

Answer 1

Substance that can be dissolved

Question 2

Solvent

Answer 2

Substance that does the dissolving

Question 3

Solution

Answer 3

Uniform Mixture
* solute has dissolved
* no longer distinguishable from solvent

Question 4

Intracellular

Answer 4

Within a cell

Question 5

Extracellular

Answer 5

Outside a cell

Question 6

Intercellular

Answer 6

Between cells
* also called interstitial

Question 7

Passive Processes

Answer 7

No energy is expended by cell
* diffusion
* facilitated diffusion
* osmosis
* filtration

Question 8

Diffusion

Answer 8

Movement of molecules from high concentration to low concentration

Question 9

Facilitated Diffusion

Answer 9

Diffusion with aid of carrier proteins

Question 10

Osmosis

Answer 10

Movement of water through semipermeable membrane
* high solvent to low solvent
* low solute concentration to high solute concentration

Question 11

Osmotic Pressure

Answer 11

Amount of pressure needed to stop flow of water across membrane

Question 12

Filtration

Answer 12

Substances forced through membrane via hydrostatic pressure
* small solutes pass through
* large molecules don’t

Question 13

Active Transport

Answer 13

Movement of molecules from low concentration to high concentration
* help with aid from carrier proteins
* example: sodium-potassium pump

Question 14

Hypotonic

Answer 14

Extracellular fluid is less concentrated than intracellular fluid

Question 15

RBCs in Hypotonic Solutions

Answer 15

Swell
* gain water through osmosis
* burst / hemolysis

Question 16

Hypertonic

Answer 16

Extracellular fluid is more concentrated than intracellular fluid

Question 17

RBCs in Hypertonic Solutions

Answer 17

Shrivel
* lose water through osmosis
* become crenated

Question 18

Isotonic

Answer 18

Equal concentrations of extracellular and intracellular fluids

Question 19

RBCs in Isotonic Solutions

Answer 19

Remain unchanged
* osmotic pressures are equal

Question 20

Tissues

Answer 20

Groups of similar cells with related functions
* histology = study of
* epithelial
* connective
* nervous
* muscle

Question 21

Epithelial Tissue

Answer 21

• Covers body surface
• Lines body cavities
• Forms active part of glands

Question 22

Connective Tissue

Answer 22

• Found throughout the body
• Composed of cells, fibers, and matrix

Question 23

Cell Types
-blast

Answer 23

Immature and active cells

Question 24

Cell Types
-cyte

Answer 24

Mature cells

Question 25

Cell Types
-clast

Answer 25

Cells that break substances

Question 26

Muscle Tissue
Types

Answer 26

• Skeletal
• Smooth
• Cardiac

Question 27

Skeletal Muscles

Answer 27

• Striated
• Voluntary control
• Attaches to and moves bone

Question 28

Smooth Muscles

Answer 28

• Involuntary control
• Spindle-shaped cells
• Found in hollow organs
• No bony attachments

Question 29

Cardiac Muscles

Answer 29

• Involuntary control
• Striated; single nucleus
• Found only in heart (myocardium)

Question 30

Nervous Tissue

Answer 30

Specialized for conducting electrical impulses
* brain
* spinal cord
* nerves

Question 31

Types of Membranes

Answer 31

• Mucous
• Serous
• Cutaneous

Question 32

Mucous Membranes

Answer 32

• Located in mucosae
• Line cavities that connect to exterior of body

Question 33

Serous Membranes

Answer 33

• Located in serosa
• Lines body cavities that do not connect to exterior of body
• Secretes thin, watery fluid to reduce friction between surfaces

Question 34

Cutaneous Membranes

Answer 34

• Located in integument / skin
• Exposed to external environment - protects as such