Clinical Chemistry

Question 1

Anticoagulant
Heparin

Answer 1

• Best for plasma - little interference
• Lithium Heparin - best for electrolyte assays using arterial blood
• Sodium and Pottassium Heparin - artificially increase sample results
• Best for avian samples

Question 2

Anticoagulant
EDTA

Answer 2

• Best for hematology tests - little effect on morphology
• Not used for plasma chemical assays
• Affects calcium in clotting process

Question 3

Anticoagulant
Sodium Fluoride

Answer 3

• Preserves glucose
• Some anticoagulant properties

Question 4

Anticoagulant
Citrate

Answer 4

Best for coagulation assays

Question 5

Kidney Function

Answer 5

75% of glomeruli of both kidneys needs to be nonfunctional for chemistry values to increase
* creatinine
* BUN
* SDMA

Question 6

Azotemia

Answer 6

Elevations in both BUN and creatinine
* increased nitrogen-based waste in body

Question 7

Creatinine

Answer 7

By-product of muscle metabolism
* produced and filtered almost entirely by golmeruli - evaluates function
* less affected by outside changes

Question 8

Creatinine
Changes

Answer 8

• Increased = lack of glomeruli function or increased muscle activity
• Fluid and hydration levels
• Pre-renal factors (shock)
• Post-renal factors (bladder / urethral obstruction)

Question 9

Creatinine
Sample

Answer 9

Serum or plasma used
* hemolysis does not affect results
* false increase with bilirubinemia