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VTNE Review > Microbiology and Mycology > Flashcards

Microbiology and Mycology Flashcards

1
Q

8

A

Light Source

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2
Q

7

A

Diaphragm
* controls amount of light
* light condenser found between this and the stage

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3
Q

Nutritive Media

A

Grows all types of bacteria
* also some fungi

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4
Q

Selective Media

A

Grow only certain types of bacteria or fungi

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5
Q

Differential Media

A

Contains elements to differentiate between certain types of bacteria

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6
Q

Agar

A

Semisolid media

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7
Q

Broth

A

Liquid media

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8
Q

Plate

A

Flat, round container of agar

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9
Q

Tube

A

Screw-top container
* can have either broth or agar

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10
Q

Slant

A

Tube of agar allowed to gel at an angle

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11
Q

Culture
Types of Areas

A
  • Sterile
  • Nonsterile
  • Abscessed
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12
Q

Abscessed Areas

A
  • Sterile: no bacterial cause; culture will have no growth
  • Primary Infection: only one type of pathogen (cause)
  • Secondary Infection: multiple pathogens; invaded after original infection
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13
Q

Shipping Culture Samples

A
  • Refrigerate to keep samples viable
  • Do not freeze
  • Screw-top containers should be taped closed
  • Plates can become damaged during transit - do not ship
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14
Q

Acid-Fast Stain

A

Determine if bacteria are positive or negative based on cell walls
* mycobacteria: thin red/pink rods against green/blue background
* Nocardia spp: branching rod
* yeasts / spores: clear and round; stain pink

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15
Q

Catalase Test

A

First test used on all gram-positive cocci
* differentiate between Staphylococcus vs Streptococcus
* Staph = catalase positive
* Strep = catalase negative

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16
Q

Coagulase Test

A

Differentiates Staphylococci coagulase-positive vs negative
* positive = plasma will gel / coagulate
* negative = plasma remains in liquid state, unaffected

17
Q

Gram Stains

A

Differentiates gram negative and positive bacteria
* positive = retain crystal voilet stain
* negative = retain safranin stain

18
Q

Gram-Positive Cocci
Examples

A
  • Staphylococcus
  • Streptococcus
  • Micrococci
19
Q

Staphylococcus

A
  • Hemolytic vs nonhemolytic - check colony for hemolysis
  • Catalase positive / Gram positive
  • Perform catalase test first, then coagulase
  • Can cause skin and other infections
20
Q

Streptococcus

A
  • Catalase negative / Gram positive
  • Check for hemolysis - 3 grades available
  • Illness is species specific - pneumonia, mastitis, septicemia
21
Q

Streptococcus
a Hemolysis

A

Alpha / Incomplete Hemolysis
* agar around colony is green

22
Q

Streptococcus
B Hemolysis

A

Beta / Complete Hemolysis
* agar around colony is clear

23
Q

Streptococcus
y Hemolysis

A

Gamma / No Hemolysis
* agar around colony is not affected

24
Q

Streptococcus
Double Zone

A

Double zone of hemolysis seen only with S. intermedius

25
Q

Micrococci

A
  • Environmental bacteria
  • Do not often cause disease
26
Q

Gram-Negative Cocci
Examples

A
  • Neisseria spp.
  • Moraxella bovis
27
Q

Neusseria spp.

A

Often found as normal flora in the respiratory tract of animals, but can be harmful to humans
* N. gonorrhoeae = causes human gonorrhea
* N. meningitidis = causes human meningitis
* N. weaveri = found in dog mouthes; cause infection in bites
* N. iguanae = causes abscesses in lizards

28
Q

Moraxella bovis

A
  • Gram-Negative Diplococcus
  • Causes pinkeye in cattle
29
Q

Gram-Negative Rods

A

Most are enteric bacteria (found in the gut)

30
Q

Anaerobic Gram-Negative Rods
Examples

A

Do not produce spores - require special handling and storing
* Bacteroides
* Fusobacterium

31
Q

Bacteroides spp.

A
  • Gram-Negative Rod
  • Anaerobic
  • Causes diarrhea
  • Found in soft tissue abscesses, mastitis, and periodontitis
32
Q

Fusobacterium spp.

A
  • Gram-Negative Rod
  • Anaerobic
  • Normal in oral cavity and intestinal tract
  • Can cause infeciton in dog / cat bites
  • Causes thrush in horses
  • Causes foot rot in cattle
33
Q

Gram-Negative Rods
Non-Enteric

A

Cause of primary pathogen in other species: fish, birds, reptiles
* Pseudomonas
* Aeromanonas

34
Q

Gram-Negative Spirochetes
Examples

A
  • Campylobacter
  • Yersinia
  • Leptospira
  • Borrelia
  • Helicobacter
35
Q

Campylobacter spp.

A
  • Gram-Negative Spirochetes
  • Found in digestive tract
  • Normal in chickens and hoofed mammals
36
Q

Yersinia spp.

A
  • Gram-Negative Spirochetes
  • Require salt to grow (halophilic)
37
Q

Gram-Negative Coccobacilli
Examples

A
  • Pasteurella = respiratory disease in cats and rabbits
  • Bordetella = respiratory disease in dogs
  • Brucella abortus = abortions in cattle

VTNE Review (31 decks)

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