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VTNE Review > Veterinary Dentistry > Flashcards

Veterinary Dentistry Flashcards

1
Q

Periodontal Disease

A
  • Affects 85% of dogs and cats
  • Initial cause if bacterial plaque
  • Progressive infections can affect organ / systemic functions
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2
Q

A

A

Gingiva
* soft tissue for attachment
* dog sulcus depth: 1-3 mm
* cat sulcus depth: 0.5-1 mm

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3
Q

B

A

Enamel
* outer covering of the crown
* once gone, never replaced

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4
Q

C

A

Dentin
* makes up bulk of tooth
* second hardest tissue in body
* porous - if exposed bacteria will get to the pulp

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5
Q

D

A

Pulp
* pulp chamber in crown / root canal in root
* composed of blood and nerves
* registers pain and can be damaged if exposed

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6
Q

E

A

Alveolar Bone
* surrounds and supports tooth

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7
Q

F

A

Cementum
* covers root
* attached to alveolar bone via periodontal ligament
* constantly undergoing repair

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8
Q

G

A

Periodontal Ligament
* holds tooth in socket - attached to alveolar bone
* shock absorber - protects vessels and nerves
* contains sensory nerves
* supplies nutrients to alveolar bone and cementum

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9
Q

CEJ

A

Cemento-enamel Junction
* between crown and root

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10
Q

Diphyodont

A

Two sets of teeth
* deciduous vs permanent

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11
Q

Apical

A

Directional term: towards apex
* tip of root (very bottom)

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12
Q

Furcation

A

Space between two roots where they meet the crown
* roots within same tooth (2-3 rooted teeth)

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13
Q

Tooth Root Numbers
Dogs

A

1 Root
* Incisors
* Canines
* PM 1
* M 3

2 Roots
* PM 2 and 3
* Lower PM 4

3 Roots
* Upper PM 4 / M 1 and 2

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14
Q

Tooth Root Numbers
Cats

A

1 Root
* Incisors
* Canines
* Upper PM 2

2 Roots
* PM 3
* Lower PM 4 and M 1

3 Roots
* Upper PM 4

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15
Q

Cat Teeth

A
  • Upper PM 1 missing
  • Lower PM 2 and 3 missing
  • Upper M 1 can have 1-3 roots
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16
Q

Carnassial Teeth

A

Largest cutting teeth
* upper PM 4
* lower M 1

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17
Q

Anatomic Numbering System

A
  • Uppercase: permanent
  • Lowercase: deciduous
  • Superscript: maxillary
  • Subscript: mandibular
  • Number on right or left to indicate side
18
Q

Triadan Numbering System

A
  • Upper Right: 100s
  • Upper Left: 200s
  • Lower Left: 300s
  • Lower Right: 400s
  • Go around again for deciduous
  • Canine = 04
  • First Molar = 09
19
Q
A

Sickle Scaler
* removes supragingival calculus only and getting into smaller areas

20
Q
A

Curette
* removes subgingival calculus

21
Q
A

Explorer
* detects subgingival calculus and defects

22
Q
A

Maxillary Infraorbital Nerve Block
* blocks everything in front of PM4

23
Q
A

Caudal Maxillary Nerve Block
* blocks everything on top on that side

24
Q
A

Middle Mental / Rostral Mandibular Nerve Block
* blocks everything in front of PM2

25
Q
A

Caudal Mandibular / Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block
* blocks all bottom teeth on that side

26
Q

Dental Radiographs
Techniques

A
  • Parallel Technique: for mandibular teeth PM 3 and back
  • Bisecting Angle: all other teeth
27
Q

Oral Lesions
Malignant Tumors

A
  • Melanoma
  • Squamous Cell Carcinoma
  • Fibrosarcoma
  • Osteosarcoma
28
Q

Melanoma

A
  • Common in dogs, rare in cats
  • Poor prognosis
  • Bone destruction around tumor
  • Spreads to LN and lungs early
29
Q

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

A
  • Most common tumor in cats, second most in dogs
  • Grows fast, spreads slowly
  • Invades bone
30
Q

Fibrosarcoma

A
  • Second most common in cats, third in dogs
  • Slow, but aggressive spread
  • Guarded prognosis
31
Q

Osteosarcoma

A
  • Affects bone
  • Spreads slowly
32
Q

Oral Lesions
Nonmalignant Tumors

A

Epulis
* general term: any gingival mass
* biopsy needed to differentiate

33
Q

Stomatitis
Alternative Name

A

CUPS
* chronic ulcerative paradental stomatitis

34
Q

Enamel Infraction

A

Incomplete fracture of enamel
* a crack but no loss of tooth

35
Q

Enamel Fracture

A

Fracture with loss of crown

36
Q

Uncomplicated Crown Fracture

A
  • Dentin exposed
  • Pulp still protected
  • More sensitive
  • Requires crown restoration
37
Q

Uncomplicated Crown Root Fracture

A

Both crown and root fracture, but pulp is not exposed

38
Q

Complicated Crown Fracture

A

Crown fractured with pulp exposed
* very painful

39
Q

Complicated Crown Root Fracture

A

Both crown and root are fractured with pulp exposed

40
Q

Periodontal Index

A
  • 0: healthy
  • 1: only gingivitis
  • 2: early disease, 25% loss, stage 1 furcation
  • 3: moderate disease, 25-50% loss, stage 2 furcation
  • 4: advanced disease, 50+% loss, stage 3 furcation
41
Q

Furcation Index

A
  1. probe goes less than half
  2. probe goes more than half, but not through
  3. probe goes complete through
42
Q

Basic Types of Teeth

A
  • Brachyodont: stop growing once mature
  • Hypsodont: continued growth throughout life

VTNE Review (31 decks)

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