Laboratory Animal Medicine

Question 1

AWA

Answer 1

Animal Welfare Act

Question 2

IACUC

Answer 2

Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee
* inspects AWA facilities every 6 months
* at least 3 members required
* reviews and approves animal care

Question 3

USDA

Answer 3

US Department of Agriculture
* issues Animal Care Policies
* APHIS administers the AWA

Question 4

APHIS

Answer 4

Animal and Plant Health Inspection Services

Question 5

IACUC
Members

Answer 5

• Veterinarian with lab animal experience (two required)
• Community member not affiliated with the research

Question 6

AAALAC

Answer 6

Association for Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care
* how instituations prove they are following appropriate care guides for lab animals

Question 7

Humane Animal Experimentation
3 R’s

Answer 7

• Replacement
• Reduction
• Refinement

Question 8

Humane Animal Experimentation
Replacement

Answer 8

Methods to avoid animal use
* non-animal substitutes
* use of animals not protected
* non-vertebrate animal use

Question 9

Humane Animal Experimentation
Reduction

Answer 9

Any strategy to reduce the number of animals being used

Question 10

Humane Animal Experimentation
Refinement

Answer 10

Modification of procedures to reduce pain and distress to animals

Question 11

Laboratory Housing
Types

Answer 11

• Conventional
• Barrier
• Containment

Question 12

Laboratory Housing
Conventional

Answer 12

Open topped, non-filtered caging
* precautions to prevent spread of disease still applied
* animals screened before being housed

Question 13

Laboratory Housing
Barrier

Answer 13

Protects animals from outside environmental contaminants
* animals screened before being housed

Question 14

Laboratory Housing
Containment

Answer 14

Protects from contaminents within animal facility

Question 15

LAA

Answer 15

Laboratory Animal Allergy
* most common health condition that affects people in research animal facilities
* hypersensitivity to certain substances - urine, dander, saliva

Question 16

Research Animal
Strains

Answer 16

• Outbred
• Inbred
• Congenic
• Transgenic

Question 17

Outbred Stocks

Answer 17

Random mating of unrelated animals
* greater genetic variability

Question 18

Inbred Stocks

Answer 18

Mating of related mice
* minimum of 20 consecutive breedings required to achieve

Question 19

Congenic Strains

Answer 19

Animals genetically differ at one particular gene

Question 20

Transgenic Strains

Answer 20

Original DNA has been manipulated by additional DNA

Question 21

Barbering

Answer 21

Dominant behavior displaced in rodents
* whiskers and fur chewed off by other mice

Question 22

Harderian Gland

Answer 22

Lacrimal gland located behind rodent eyeball
* secretion of lipids and protein
* lubricates eye

Question 23

Chromodacryorrhea

Answer 23

Red Tears
* see with some disease conditions or stress
* lack of grooming

Question 24

Whitten Effect

Answer 24

Females close to heat exposed to male odors will come into heat faster

Question 25

Bruce Effect

Answer 25

Pregnancy block
* pregnant female exposed to new males within 5 days of mating
* causes pregnancy to abort and return to estrus

Question 26

Tyzzer Disease

Answer 26

Mouse Disease
* Caused by bacteria Clostridium piliforme
* Affects immunosuppressed and those in poor housing conditions
* Isolation required

Question 27

Rat
Physiology

Answer 27

• Do not have a gallbladder
• Hypsodont incisors - continually erupt
• Coprophagic - eat feces
• Unable to vomit

Question 28

Ringtail

Answer 28

Caused by abnormal environmental temperatures and humidity
* uncommon
* constriction of tail in suckling and weanling rats

Question 29

Cecotrophs

Answer 29

Rabbit night feces
* coprophagy directly from anus
* helps increase digestibility of proteins
* maintains intestinal flora

Question 30

Snuffles

Answer 30

Upper respiratory tract infection in rabbits
* caused by Pasteurella multocida
* very contagious - isolation required