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VTNE Review > Small Animal Nutrition > Flashcards

Small Animal Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

6 Essential Nutrients
Small Animal

A
  • Protein
  • Carbohydrates
  • Fats
  • Water
  • Minerals
  • Vitamins
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2
Q

Protein

A
  • Made up of essential vs nonessential amino acids
  • Forms hormones and enzymes
  • Excess used for energy - not as efficient as other energy sources
  • Cats require more than dogs - more used for energy
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3
Q

Essential Amino Acids

A

Must be present in order to make proteins

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4
Q

Essential Amino Acids
Cats

A
  • Taurine
  • Arginine
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5
Q

Nonessential Amino Acids

A

Can be created if not available in the body

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6
Q

Carbohydrates

A
  • Primary function is energy
  • Soluble vs Insoluble
  • Digested through GI tract
  • Used in the form of glucose - stored as fat if not used
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7
Q

Carbohydrates
Soluble

A
  • Digestible
  • Consist of monosaccharides and disaccharides
  • Supply calories to diet and used immediately for energy
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8
Q

Carbohydrates
Insoluble

A
  • Indigestible
  • Consist of polysaccharides
  • Portion of plant that does not digest and provides fullness and bulk to diet
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9
Q

Fats

A
  • Most concentrated source of energy
  • Enhances taste and calories
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10
Q

Fats and Vitamins

A

Fats required for vitamins A, D, E, and K for
* absorption
* transportation
* storage

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10
Q

EFAs

A

Essential Fatty Acids
* building blocks of fat
* saturated vs unsaturated
* maintain skin and coat

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11
Q

EFAs
Saturated vs Unsaturated

A
  • Saturated = long carbon chain without double bond
  • Unsaturated = one or more double bonds
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12
Q

EFAs Required for
Normal Metabolism

A
  • Linoleic Acid
  • Arachidonic Acid
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13
Q

Water

A
  • Most essential nutrient required for survival
  • Makes up 70% of the body
  • Required to absorb vitamins B and C
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14
Q

Minerals

A
  • Total percent in body is less than 1%
  • Essential for metabolic processes
  • Macro vs micro minerals
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15
Q

Macrominerals

A
  • Expressed in percentages
  • Help to maintain elecrolyte and water balances, bones and muscles, and nerve and cellular function
16
Q

Microminerals

A
  • Expressed in parts per million (ppm)
  • Also known as trace minerals
  • Involved in biochemical reactions
17
Q

Vitamins

A
  • Function as enzymes
  • Classified by solubility
  • Requirements can vary by species
18
Q

Vitamins
Water-Soluble

A

Vitamin B complex and C
* none stored in body

19
Q

Vitamins
Fat-Soluble

A

Vitamins A, D, E, K
* stored in fat or liver
* excess can be toxic

20
Q

Vitamins
Cats

A
  • Require vitamin A
  • Require vitamin B naicin - used to convert tryptophan
21
Q

Energy Units
RER

A

Resting Energy Requirement
* 30 x (weight in kg) + 70

22
Q

Energy Units
MER

A

Maintenance Energy Requirements
* energy factor multipled to RER
* also called DER (daily)

23
Q

Feeding Method
Free Choice

A

Food available at all times
* animal decides when and how much
* good for those who meet energy requirements without exceeding
* recommended during lactation

24
Q

Feeding Method
Time-restricted Meal Feeding

A

Unlimited food available for a certain period of time
* generally given over 10-30 minutes
* easier to see if food is eaten or not
* pets develop routine - important to keep regular schedule

25
Q

Feeding Method
Food-restricted Meal Feeding

A

Specific quantity of food given at specific times
* best feeding method
* actual measurements of calories
* beneficial for digestive disorders or those prone to them

26
Q

Nutritional Requirements
Gestation and Lactation

A
  • Similar to neonates
  • Feed a high-quality, highly digestible growth diet
  • Begin diet few weeks towards end of gestation
  • Transition back after weaning
27
Q

Feeding
Neonates

A
  • Nursing should be done at least 4-6 times per day
  • Weigh every 2 weeks to ensure proper growth
28
Q

Feeding
Weaning

A
  • Begin around 3 weeks of age, but can be sooner; finish by 5-8 weeks
  • Food should be mixed with water to make a gruel
  • Feed 3-4 times per day
29
Q

Nutritional Requirements
Large Breed

A
  • Pregnant / lactating should eat a growth diet, but not a large breed one
  • Vitamin D required - helps with calcium and bone cell activity
  • Recommend food-restricted feeding
30
Q

AAFCO

A

Association of American Feed Control Officials
* establishes a standard of nutrition
* regulates use of terms for calorie and fat contents
* statements based on feeding trials

31
Q

Enteral Nutrition

A
  • Given orally
  • Coaxing methods used to entice animal to eat
  • Appetite stimulant drugs can also be used
  • Use of tubes to assist feeding can be alternatives
32
Q

Parenteral Nutrition

A
  • Nutrition given by direct IV infusion
  • Use of central or peripheral catheters
  • Done when enteral is either not productive or counterindicated due to illness
33
Q

FDA

A

Food and Drug Administration
* regulates what info needs to be on pet food labels

VTNE Review (31 decks)

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