Surgical Principles

Question 1

Answer 1

Operating Scissors
* cut suture, drape, or any inanimate material
* blunt/blunt ; blunt/sharp ; sharp/sharp
* most common = blunt/sharp

Question 2

Answer 2

Mayo Scissors
* cut dense tissue
* blunt tips (more narrow than operating scissors)

Question 3

Answer 3

Metzenbaum Scissors
* cut delicate tissue
* blunt or pointed ends

Question 4

Answer 4

Iris Scissors
* used for eye surgeries
* small, sharp, and delicate

Question 5

Answer 5

Rat-Tooth Thumb Forceps
* large teeth - 1 fits between 2
* grab skin and place sutures

Question 6

Answer 6

Adson Tissue Forceps
* very fine “teeth” tips
* use on delicate tissue - do minimal damage

Question 7

Answer 7

Brown-Adson Tissue Forceps
* multiple teeth on edges of tips
* use with delicate tissue

Question 8

Answer 8

Russian Tissue Forceps
* long, rounded tips
* hold hollow viscera

Question 9

Answer 9

Dressing Forceps
* no teeth, just serrations
* pick up dressing material

Question 10

Answer 10

Allis Forceps
* interlocking teeth with secure grip
* cause trauma to delicate tissue

Question 11

Answer 11

Babcock Intestinal Forceps
* similar to Allis, but no teeth
* able to be used on delicate tissue

Question 12

Answer 12

Doyen Intestinal Forceps
* very long jaws
* hold bowel

Question 13

Answer 13

Ferguson Angiotribe Forceps
* thick, blocky jaws
* assist holding large bundles of tissue

Question 14

Answer 14

Sponge Forceps
* tips have circular holes
* hold gauze

Question 15

Answer 15

Backhaus Towel Clamp

Question 16

Answer 16

Roeder Tissue Clamp
* similar to Backhaus
* do not puncture as deep
* balls on ends prevent drape sliding

Question 17

Answer 17

Jones Towel Clamp
* lighter weight and more delicate than others

Question 18

Answer 18

Lorna (Edna) Non-penetrating Towel Clamp
* secure second layer to ground drapes

Question 19

Hemostats
Function

Answer 19

Ligate (close/cut off) vessels and tissues

Question 20

Answer 20

Halsted Mosquito Hemostat
* smallest hemostats - control capillary bleeders
* serrations (going across) covering the entire length of jaw

Question 21

Answer 21

Kelly Hemostats
* grab medium-sized vessels
* serrations only cover partial area of the jaw

Question 22

Answer 22

Crile Hemostats
* grab medium-sized vessels
* slightly larger than halsted mosquito hemostats
* serrations go entire length of jaw

Question 23

Answer 23

Rochester-Pean Hemostats
* clamp large tissue bundles / blood vessels
* serrations run entire length of jaw

Question 24

Answer 24

Rochester-Carmalt Hemostat
* clamp large tissue bundles / blood vessels
* longtitudinal serrations with across ones at the tip

Question 25

Answer 25

Rochester-Ochsner Hemostat
* similar to Rochester-Pean Hemostats
* has 1:2 teeth at end
* teeth allow better grip on larger tissue bundles

Question 26

Answer 26

Needle Holders
* only instrument designed to hold metal
* Olsen-Hegar = scissors
* Mayo-Hegar = no scissors

Question 27

Answer 27

Senn Rake Retractor
* double-ended handheld retractor
* for skin and superficial muscle retraction
* one end with 3-pronged points (like rake)

Question 28

Answer 28

Army Navy Retractor
* handheld
* used for retracting larger muscle masses
* comes in sets of 2

Question 29

Answer 29

Gelpi Retractor
* self-retraining
* retract muscles during orthopedic / neurosurgery procedures

Question 30

Answer 30

Weitlaner Retractor
* self-retaining
* similar to Gelpi - just have more tips on the end
* retract muscles during orthopedic / neurosurgery procedures

Question 31

Answer 31

Balfour Retractor
* self-retaining
* used in abdominal surgery to hold cavity open
* available in many sizes

Question 32

Answer 32

Finochietto Retractor
* self-retaining
* used for thoracic surgeries

Question 33

Answer 33

Kern / Richards Forceps
* strong gripping teeth
* used in orthopedic procedures - manipulate bone fractures

Question 34

Answer 34

Jacobs Chuck
* used in orthopedic procedures
* advances pin placement

Question 35

Answer 35

Lempert Rongeurs
* break up and remove bone

Question 36

Answer 36

Liston Bone-Cutting Forceps
* cut bone

Question 37

Answer 37

Osteotome
* cut through bone
* stuck by mallets

Question 38

Answer 38

Bone Curettes
* sharp edges to remove bone
* end is usually “cup” shape

Question 39

Answer 39

Bone Rasps
* smooth rough edges on bone

Question 40

Answer 40

Periosteal Elevator
* remove muscle from bone
* releases bone from periosteum

Question 41

Answer 41

Scalpel Blades
* 10 = basic; used for incising skin
* 11 = severs ligaments
* 12 = lance abscesses
* 15 = precise, small / curved incisions

Question 42

Scalpel Handle and Blade
Large vs Small Animal

Answer 42

• Small: no. 3 handle w/ 10, 11, 12, or 15 blade
• Large: no. 4 handle w/ 20 blade

Question 43

Monopolar Electrosurgery

Answer 43

• Electrical current passes through patient and must be diverted away
• Ground plate diverts current - must be touching patient
• Saturated sponge between ground plate and patient helps maintain contact
• Never use alcohol to saturate sponge - will cause burns

Question 44

Bipolar Electrosurgery

Answer 44

• Handpiece looks like thumb forceps
• Current goes from one tip to another - no need for ground plate

Question 45

Answer 45

Groove Director
* assists in guiding incisions

Question 46

Needles
Curved vs Straight

Answer 46

• Curved: most common
• Straight: limited use; most common for anus sutures

Question 47

Needle Points

Answer 47

Cutting vs Tapered
* affects sharpness
* selected based off tissue being sutured

Question 48

Needle
Cutting Point

Answer 48

Used for skin, cartilage, or tendons

Question 49

Needle
Taper Point

Answer 49

Round or Oval body
* used for tissues that may tear easily
* used when needing sealed suture line