Yersinia and other notifiable agents Flashcards
Where is Yersinia pestis endemic?
south western US
How is Yersinia pestis transmitted?
flea bite and contact with infected carcass
what are the reservoirs for Yersinia pestis?
rodents
what are the clinical manifestations of the bubonic form of Yersinia pestis?
fever, lethargy, enlarged LNs
what are the clinical manifestations of the pneumonic form of Yersinia pestis?
respiratory signs +/- septicemia
what are the clinical manifestations of the septic form of Yersinia pestis?
no lymphadenopathy, fever, lethargy
which form of plague is the most common route of zoonosis?
Pneumonic form
What do you do when a patient has been diagnosed with plague?
NOTIFABLE - consult w/ county health dept or CDC
How is Yersinia pestis diagnosed?
PCR
FA test on culture
How is Yersinia pestis treated and prevented?
treated - tetracyclines, ahminoglycosides
prevented - flea prevention
what is the causative agent of Tularemia?
Francisella tularensis
Where is Francisella tularensis found?
northern hemisphere, mississippi/missouri river valley, mountain west, E/W coast
what are the reservoirs of Francisella tularensis biotype A and B?
A - rabbits and rodents
B - aquatic animals
How is Francisella tularensis transmitted?
aerosol - mowing over dead rodents
direct contact - rabbit hunters
ingestion
ticks
what are the clinical manifestations of Francisella tularensis? (including necropsy)
septicemia
cough
hepatic, splenic LN enlargement
necropsy - multifocal white foci of necrosis in liver, spleen
How is Francisella tularensis diagnosed?
exposure to wild rabbits/rodents/ticks
culture (notify lab - requires BSL3)
PCR
what do you do when a patient has been diagnosed with tularemia?
NOFITY state/county health department
How is Tularemia treated?
antibiotics - tetracyclines
control tick and fly populations
What are the causative agents of Glanders and pseudoglanders?
glanders - Burkholderia mallei
pseudoglanders - Burkholderia pseudomallei
what species is B. mallei commonly found in?
equids
where is B. mallei endemic?
hot, humid areas
survives in soil and water for months
How is B. mallei transmitted?
contact
inhalation
ingestion - contaminated feed/H20
What are the clinical manifestations of acute B. mallei?
caseous/calcified centers
star-shaped scars
what are the clinical manifestations of chronic B. mallei?
oronasal lesions
ulcerative lymphangitis
How is B. mallei diagnosed?
culture
PCR
How is B. mallei treated?
not curative - tetracyclines
euthanasia
How is B. mallei prevented?
depopulation/euthanasia
Where is B. pseudomallei found?
equatorial distribution
soil and surface water
How is B. pseudomallei transmitted?
contaminated soil and water
What are the clinical manifestations of B. pseudomallei in horses?
edema/lymphangitis
How does B. pseudomallei infection present in goat and sheep?
How is B. pseudomallei diagnosed?
culture
PCR
How is B. pseudomallei treated?
often unsuccessful
euthanasia preferred
How is B. pseudomallei prevented?
avoid muddy, fecal contaminated pastures
clean drinking water
what is a clinical manifestation that is seen in B. mallei but not in B. pseudomallei?
calcified lesions
