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Microbiology > Streptococcus > Flashcards

Streptococcus Flashcards

1
Q

What are the general characteristics of Streptococci?

A

gram positive cocci
facultative anerobes
catalase-negative
colonies - smooth and mucoid

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2
Q

what is the grouping of streptococci into 20 lancefield groups based on?

A

group-specific cell wall carbohydrates

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3
Q

What hemolytic pattern does streptococci present?

A

various - aids in diagnosis

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4
Q

label the hemolysis on each? what agar is this?

A

blood agar
L - alpha
middle - gamma
R - beta

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5
Q

what are the envelope virulence factors of streptococci?

A

polysaccharide capsule
peptidoglycan and LTA
fimbrial M protein

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6
Q

what are the enzymes/toxin virulence factors of streptococci?

A

Hemolysins - streptolysins O and S
DNases
Hyaluronidase
Streptokinases/fibrinolysin
Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins

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7
Q

what does polysaccharide capsule do?

A

inhibit phagocytosis
impart smooth/mucoid appearance to colonies

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8
Q

what does peptidoglycan and LTA do?

A

potent pyrogens
induce cytokine secretion
LTA - adhesin

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9
Q

what does fimbrial M protein do?

A

adhesin
inhibit complement activation
antiphagocytic
associated with post-streptococcal immune response

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10
Q

what does Hemolysins do?

A

destroy RBC
responsible for beta-hemolysis on blood agar

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11
Q

what does DNases do?

A

degrade DNA, liquifies pus to facilitate spread
evade immune response

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12
Q

what does hyaluronidase do?

A

break down hyaluronic acid in ECM, facilitate spread

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13
Q

what does streptokinase/fibrinolysin do?

A

dissolve blood clots, facilitates spread

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14
Q

what does streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins do?

A

SpeA and SpeC - super antigens - non-specific activation of T cells

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15
Q

what is the streptococcus causative agent of bovine mastitis?

A

S. agalactiae, S. dysgalactiae, or S. uberis

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16
Q

what are the sources of bacteria with mastitis?

A

bedding material, flies, milker’s hands, cross sucking, milking machine

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17
Q

What is the hemolysis and CAMP result of S. agalactiae?

A

beta-hemolytic, CAMP-positive

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18
Q

What is the hemolysis and CAMP result of S. dysgalactiae?

A

alpha-hemolytic, CAMP-negative

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19
Q

which streptococcus species is the contagious pathogen of mastitis? (animal to animal)

A

S. agalactiae
dec milk qualitty, dec milk production

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20
Q

which streptococcus species is the intermediate pathogen of mastitis? (environment and host)

A

S. dysgalactiae

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21
Q

What is the hemolysis and CAMP result of S. uberis?

A

alpha hemolytic and CAMP - negative

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22
Q

which streptococcus species is the environmental source of transmission of mastitis?

A

S. uberis

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23
Q

what are the somatic cells in a CMT test?

A

WBC

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24
Q

which is a positive and negative CAMP test?

A

A - positive
B - negative

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25
Q

what test is used to estimate SCC?

A

CMT

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26
Q

when diagnosing mastitis what tests are done?

A

Minnesota easy culture Tri-plate
CAMP test for S. agalactiae
CMT

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27
Q

what is the Minnesota easy culture Tri-plate comprised of?

A

MacConkey - selects for gram neg
Factor - select for gram positive
MTKT - select for streptococcus

28
Q

what is the CAMP test looking for in a mastitis case?

A

enhanced hemolysis - S. agalactiae

29
Q

what is strangles?

A

equine distemper in horses

30
Q

what are the causative agents of strangles?

A

S. equi spp. equi

31
Q

what causes difficulty swallowing, extended head and neck, and difficulty breathing in strangles?

A

painful abscess in regional lymph nodes

32
Q

what can abscess rupture from strangles result in?

A

purulent exudate
guttural pouch empyema (purulent, septic exudate in pouch)
chondroids (stones of pus in guttural pouch)

33
Q

How is S. equi spp. equi transmitted?

A

through nasal secretions or purulent discharge from abscesses

34
Q

what is the significance of chronic carriers of S. equi spp. equi?

A

shed intermittently
can lead to development of bastard (metastatic) strangles

35
Q

what is the pathogenesis of S. equi spp. equi?

36
Q

what is purpura hemorrhagica?

A

complication from S. equi infection or vacination
immune response against bacterial M protein
type 3 hypersensitivity rxn

37
Q

How do you diagnose S. equi spp. equi?

A

culture - gram positive streptococci, beta-hemolysis on blood agar
PCR - detect species-specific M protein

38
Q

How is S. equi spp. equi treated?

A

supportive care
anti-inflammatory medications
antibiotics contraindication (hard to penetrate abscess, spread to other LN)

39
Q

How is S. equi spp. equi managed?

A

quarantine
disinfection
vaccine avaiable

40
Q

what can S. equi spp. zooepidemicus cause?

A

hemorrhagic penumonia

41
Q

what is the causative agent of this dogs disease?

A

S. equi spp. zooepidemicus

42
Q

Is Steptococcus equi spp. zooepidemicus commensal or opportunistic?

43
Q

What environment is Streptococcus equi spp. zooepidemicus associated with?

A

kennel-type setting

45
Q

what is the causative agent causing this?

A

S. equi spp. equi

46
Q

what in S. equi spp. zooepidemicus similar to in humans, how?

A

toxic shock syndrome
toxin results in cytokine storm > elevated pro inflammatory cytokines

47
Q

Is S. equi spp. zooepidemicus a commensal or opportunistic pathogen?

48
Q

How is S. equi spp. zooepidemicus transmitted?

A

direct contact with infected animals, contaminated fomites, or inhalation

49
Q

what are the virulence factors present in S. equi spp. zooepidemicus?

A

capsule
SzM protein - similar to M protein
toxins/enzymes

50
Q

How do you diagnose a S. equi spp. zooepidemicus?

A

culture and gram stain

51
Q

what are the gram stains and hemolysis results of S. equi spp. zooepidemicus?

A

Gram-postive strep
Beta-hemolysis
Histopathology

52
Q

How do you treat and manage S. equi spp. zooepidemicus?

A

treatment
antibiotics: B-lactams

management
proper sanitation and protection

53
Q

what can cause fading puppy and kitten syndrome?

A

Environmental
Genetic or congenital defects
infections - bacterial, viral

54
Q

what is one of the bacterial causes of fading puppy and kitten syndrome?

55
Q

what diseases are S. canis associated with?

A

fading puppy & kitten syndrome
secondary pneumonia
neonatal septicemia

56
Q

How is S. canis diagnosed?

A

culture - gram + streptococci, B hemolysis on blood agar

57
Q

How is S. canis treated?

A

supportive care
if infectious cause - antibiotics

58
Q

Is S. suis an opportunistic or commensal pathogen?

A

opportunistic

59
Q

what age of pigs of is S. suis most common in?

A

post-weaned pigs

60
Q

what are the clinical signs of S. suis?

A

fever, septicemia, meningitis, lesions

61
Q

what is this pig most likely infected with?

62
Q

How is S. suis transmitted?

A

between healthy carrier sows and their offspring
main route upper respiratory tract
S. suis prevalent in oral cavity and vaginal canal

63
Q

What virulence factors does S. suis have?

A

adhesins
proteins allowing immune system evasion

64
Q

what are the proteins that allow S. suis to evade the immune system?

A

S. suis adenosine synthase (Ssads) - inhibits PMN activity
IgG-degraading enzyme (IgdE) - degrades IgG
Factor H-binding surface protein (Fhb) - inhibits phagocytosis

65
Q

How is S. suis diagnosed?

A

history, clinical signs, age, and gross lesions
culture - gram + strep, alpha hemolysis

66
Q

How is S. suis treated?

A

parenteral antibiotics for meningitis
supportive care

67
Q

How is S. suis managed?

A

improved husbandry
proper sanitation/disinfection

Microbiology (29 decks)

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