Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Microbiology > Actinomyces, Nocardia, Dermatophilus, Corynebacterium > Flashcards

Actinomyces, Nocardia, Dermatophilus, Corynebacterium Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what are actinobacteria?

A

highly diverse group of G+ bacteria
cell morphology - coccoid to filamentous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the morphology of Actinomyces spp.?

A

rods or filaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Are Actinomyces commensal or opportunistic bacteria?

A

opportunistic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is Actinomycosis?

A

polymicrobial infection
Actinomyces is increased in mixed infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what type of reactions are common in actinomycosis?

A

pyogranulomatous reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what does pyogranulomatous reactions contain?

A

suppurative inflammation
fistulous tracts secrete purulent exudate containing sulfur granules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is seen with Actinomyces bovis and with what species?

A

lumpy jaw - seen in cattle
mandibular lymphadenopathy - horses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is lumpy jaw?

A

indurated, suppurative lesions in soft tissue and bone
Osteomyelitis > tooth dislodgment, inability to chew, mandibular fractures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the causative agent?

A

Actinomyces bovis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is seen with Actinomyces suis and with what species?

A

mastitis (lumpy udder)
swine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the causative agent?

A

Actinomyces suis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what causative agent often mimics strangles in horses?

A

Actinomyces bovis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what does Actinomyces viscosus cause and in what species?

A

subcutaneous abscesses
dogs and cats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the causative agent?

A

Actinomyces viscosus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what does the exudate from Actinomycosis contain?

A

sulfur granlues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is this - collected from Actinomycosis exudate?

A

sulfur granules
club colonies with bacterial sized filaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How is Actinomycosis diagnosed?

A

gram stain, culture and species ID, PCR, MALDI-TOF mass spec

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

With the Actinomyces species what should be cultured for the best chance of isolating pure cultures?

A

sulfur granules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How is Actinomycosis treated?

A

surgery (debridement), prolonged admin of antibiotics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How is bovine lumpy jaw treated?

A

sodium iodine IV with antibiotics, debridement of bone lesions w/ lavage of iodine solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How do you prevent Actinomycosis?

A

good oral care, limit amount of rough forage fed, protect pets from grass awns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Is Dermatophilus congolensis commensal, opportunistic, or parasitic?

A

obligate parasite - grows on host

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Can zoonotic transmission occur in Dermatophilus congolensis?

A

yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How is Dermatophilus congolensis transmitted?

A

direct contact, fomites, and biting arthropods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

How does Dermatophilosis present?

A

exudative dermatitis with formation of scabs/crusts

26
Q

what is this lesion most likely caused by?

A

Dermatophilus congolensis

27
Q

Has this wound from Dermatophilosis early or late in formation?

A

early
paintbrush lesions of matted hair is before the formation of scab/crust

28
Q

How does rain relate to Dermatophilosis?

A

trauma/persistent wetting facilitate invasion of epidermis and hair follicles

prolonged wetting from rain > lesions on dorsum and head

29
Q

How is Dermatophilosis diagnosed?

A

clinical findings, history, isolation/ID via culture

30
Q

What are the treatments for mild, severe, and horse infections of Dermatophilosis?

A

mild - grooming and isolation in dry quarters
servere- parenteral antibiotics
horses - groom then topical treatment

31
Q

How is Dermatophilosis controlled/prevented?

A

isolate/cull affected animals
minimize skin trauma and exposure to rain and ectoparasites

32
Q

What is a diagnostic feature of Nocardia spp? (think lab)

A

Partially acid-fast

33
Q

What is a saprophyte?

A

bacteria is widespread in soil and water

34
Q

Is Nocardia a halophyte or saprophyte?

A

saprophyte - widespread in soil and water

35
Q

Are nocardia commensal or opportunistic bacteria?

A

opportunistic - causes opportunistic infections

36
Q

what is Nocardiosis characterized by?

A

suppurating lesions with variable granulomatous features (sanguinopurulent exudates)

37
Q

How do Nocardia bacteria interact with phagocytes?

A

survive and grow inside phagocytes - virulence factor

38
Q

What can Nocardiosis cause in ruminants?

A

mastitis

39
Q

Is Nocardia an environmental or contagious mastitis?

A

environmental

40
Q

How does Nocardiosis present in cats and dogs?

A

cutaneous and subcutaneous lesions

41
Q

How is Nocardiosis diagnosed?

A

ID - filamentous, gram positive, partially acid fast bacilli

42
Q

Why do gram staining and acid-fast when differentiating between Nocardioisis and Actinomycosis?

A

gram + - actinomycosis and nocardiosis
acid fast - only nocardiosis

43
Q

what is something that should be done when treating nocardiosis?

A

antimicrobial susceptibility testing - various strain have various antibiotic resistance

44
Q

How is Nocardiosis treated?

A

debridement and drainage of cutaneous-subcutaneous lesions
prolonged admin of trimethoprim-sulfonamides

45
Q

How is Nocardiosis prevented/controlled?

A

good animal husbandry - hygiene

46
Q

Are Corynebacterium opportunistic or commensal bacteria?

A

commensal

47
Q

what are virulence factors of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis that aids the bacteria have multiple entry sites and spread to draining lymph nodes?

A

phospholipase D (PLD), cell wall lipids

48
Q

Is Cornebacterium pseudotuberculosis an acute or chronic infection?

A

chronic - may persist for host entire life

49
Q

what is the causative agent?

A

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

50
Q

What does C. pseudotuberculosis cause in sheep and goat?

A

Caseous lymphadenitis (CLA)

51
Q

Which bacteria are facultative intracellular pathogens?

A

survives/grows in phagocytes
-corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
-Nocardia spp.

52
Q

what is the external and internal form of caseous lymphadenitis (CLA)?

A

external - abscessation of superficial lymph nodes, skin, and subcutis
internal - abscess formation in internal organs and lymph nodes

53
Q

what form of CLA is each picture?

A

left - external
right - internal

54
Q

Can an individual have both external and internal or only one?

A

external and internal can occur in the same individual

55
Q

What can be seen with equids with C. pseudotuberculosis that is not seen in goats/sheep?

A

ulcerative lymphangitis

56
Q

what is seen with ulcerative lymphangitis?

A

severe limb swelling and cellulitis with multiple draining lesions along the lymphatics

57
Q

what is C. pseudotuberculosis causing in this horse?

A

ulcerative lymphangitis

58
Q

How is C. pseudotuberculosis diagnosed?

A

clinical findings, culture, ultrasound (internal)

59
Q

How is C. pseudotuberculosis treated?

A

external abscesses lanced, drained, and lavaged with antiseptic

60
Q

How is CLA treated in sheep/goats and horses?

A

long term antibiotics

61
Q

How is C. pseudotuberculosis controlled/prevented?

A

enforce hygiene, wound care during shearing, ear tagging, and surgical procedures
vaccinate
reduce exposure to flies

Microbiology (29 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions