Treponema and Actinobacillus

Question 1

what is the shape and gram of Treponema spp?

Answer 1

gram negative spirochete

Question 2

What are the causative agents of digital dermatitis?

Answer 2

T. phagedenis, T. vincentii, T. denticola

Question 3

what is the causative agent of vent disease?

Answer 3

T. paraluiscuniculi

Question 4

Where is bovine digital dermatitis seen?

Answer 4

endemic in dairy cattle worldwide

Question 5

Is Bovine digital dermatitis seen more in dairy or beef cattle?

Answer 5

dairy

Question 6

Is Bovine digital dermatitis environmental or infectious causes?

Answer 6

both - multifactorial

Question 7

Describe the pathogenesis of bovine digital dermatitis?

Answer 7

trauma with invasion/proliferation of agent

Question 8

what are the clinical manifestations of bovine digital dermatitis?

Answer 8

painful interdigital inflammatory lesions, proliferative dermatitis on heel bulbs, lameness, erosive and verrucose forms

Question 9

what is the most common foot disease in mature dairy cattle?

Answer 9

bovine digital dermatitis

Question 10

How are BDD lesions scored?

Answer 10

Question 11

what is CODD?

Answer 11

contagious ovine digital dermatitis

Question 12

what are the clinical manifestations of CODD?

Answer 12

severe lameness, ulcerative lesions @ junction of coronary band and hoof wall, loss of hair above coronary band

Question 13

what does TAHD stand for?

Answer 13

treponeme-associated hoof disease of elk

Question 14

what are the clinical signs of TAHD?

Answer 14

lameness

Question 15

How is digital dermatitis transmitted?

Answer 15

muddy, moist, areas, contaminated with feces

Question 16

what are the clinical manifestations of vent disease in rabbits?

Answer 16

vesicles/ulcers w/ heavy scabs in genital region, eyelids, and lips

Question 17

what type of disease is vent disease in rabbits?

Answer 17

venereal disease

Question 18

How are Treponema infections diagnosed?

Answer 18

PCR
isolation on cell culture

Question 19

How is digital dermatitis treated and controlled?

Answer 19

tetracyclines (+/- lincomycin)
regular foot baths and clean environment

Question 20

How is vent disease treated and controlled?

Answer 20

penicillins
restrict breeding

Question 21

what is the primary agent of swine dysentery?

Answer 21

Brachyspira spp.

Question 22

what is the main clinical manifestations of swine dysentery?

Answer 22

mucohemorrhagic colitis in grower and finisher pigs
perianal staining with blood

Question 23

where does Brachyspira spp. proliferate? what does this cause?

Answer 23

large intestine > hyper secretion of mucous and inability to resorb fluids

Question 24

How is swine dysentery transmitted?

Answer 24

recovered carrier pigs
fomites
mice and other rodents

Question 25

How is Brachyspira spp. diagnosed?

Answer 25

clinical signs and history, gross pathology culture/PCR

Question 26

How is swine dysentery treated?

Answer 26

tiamulin +/- lincomycin

Question 27

How is swine dysentery controlled?

Answer 27

treat or cull carriers

Question 28

Where is Actinobacillus found?

Answer 28

commensal on most mucous membranes or URT and oral cavity does not survive well in environment

Question 29

what is the causative agent of wooden tongue in cattle?

Answer 29

Actinobacillus lignieresii

Question 30

What are the clinical manifestations of wooden tongue in cattle

Answer 30

painful and hardened

Question 31

What does Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae cause in swine?

Answer 31

necrotizing fibrinohemorrhagic pneumonia

Question 32

what is the causative agent of sleepy foal disease?

Answer 32

Actinobacillus equuli

Question 33

what causes serosal petechiae and suppurative foci at kidneys in foals?

Answer 33

Actinobacillus equuli

Question 34

What does Actinobacillus suis cause in swine?

Answer 34

septicemia meningitis

Question 35

what animal does Actinobacillus porcitonsillarium infect?

Answer 35

swine

Question 36

How is actinobacillus diagnosed?

Answer 36

culture direct microscopy

Question 37

How is wooden tongue treated?

Answer 37

iodide (sodium or potassium) + penicillin

Question 38

How is Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP) treated?

Answer 38

prophylactic antibiotics (tiamulin, Tilmicosin)

Question 39

How is sleepy foal disease treated?

Answer 39

additional colostrum

Question 40

What two anaerobic non-spore forming bacteria are often involved in foot rot and interdigital dermatitis?

Answer 40

Fusobacterium necrophorum Dichelobacter

Question 41

Describe the epidemiology of pathogenic anaerobic non-spore forming (PANSF)

Answer 41

opportunistic infections slow replication rates mixed infections

Question 42

What does Fuscobacterium necrophorum cause in cattle?

Answer 42

liver abscesses secondary to rumenitis diphtheria/necrotic pharyngitis/laryngitis

Question 43

What bacteria can synergize with Fuscobacterium necrophorum to create foot rot?

Answer 43

Dichelobacter nodosus

Question 44

What does Fuscobacterium necrophorum cause in pigs?

Answer 44

necrotic rhinitis - bull nose pronounced bulging, foul smelling nasal discharge

Question 45

What can cause interdigital dermatitis sheep and foot rot in ruminants?

Answer 45

Fuscobacterium necrophorum

Question 46

What does Dichelobacter nodosus cause in cattle?

Answer 46

interdigital dermatitis, heel erosions, and foot rot

Question 47

What are the two forms of interdigital footrot in sheep cause by Dichelobacter nodosus?

Answer 47

benign virulent

Question 48

Describe the Benign and virulent form of interdigital footrot cause by Dichelobacter nodosus

Answer 48

Question 49

Question 50