Treponema and Actinobacillus Flashcards
what is the shape and gram of Treponema spp?
gram negative spirochete
What are the causative agents of digital dermatitis?
T. phagedenis, T. vincentii, T. denticola
what is the causative agent of vent disease?
T. paraluiscuniculi
Where is bovine digital dermatitis seen?
endemic in dairy cattle worldwide
Is Bovine digital dermatitis seen more in dairy or beef cattle?
dairy
Is Bovine digital dermatitis environmental or infectious causes?
both - multifactorial
Describe the pathogenesis of bovine digital dermatitis?
trauma with invasion/proliferation of agent
what are the clinical manifestations of bovine digital dermatitis?
painful interdigital inflammatory lesions, proliferative dermatitis on heel bulbs, lameness, erosive and verrucose forms
what is the most common foot disease in mature dairy cattle?
bovine digital dermatitis
How are BDD lesions scored?
what is CODD?
contagious ovine digital dermatitis
what are the clinical manifestations of CODD?
severe lameness, ulcerative lesions @ junction of coronary band and hoof wall, loss of hair above coronary band
what does TAHD stand for?
treponeme-associated hoof disease of elk
what are the clinical signs of TAHD?
lameness
How is digital dermatitis transmitted?
muddy, moist, areas, contaminated with feces
what are the clinical manifestations of vent disease in rabbits?
vesicles/ulcers w/ heavy scabs in genital region, eyelids, and lips
what type of disease is vent disease in rabbits?
venereal disease
How are Treponema infections diagnosed?
PCR
isolation on cell culture
How is digital dermatitis treated and controlled?
tetracyclines (+/- lincomycin)
regular foot baths and clean environment
How is vent disease treated and controlled?
penicillins
restrict breeding
what is the primary agent of swine dysentery?
Brachyspira spp.
what is the main clinical manifestations of swine dysentery?
mucohemorrhagic colitis in grower and finisher pigs
perianal staining with blood
where does Brachyspira spp. proliferate? what does this cause?
large intestine > hyper secretion of mucous and inability to resorb fluids
How is swine dysentery transmitted?
recovered carrier pigs
fomites
mice and other rodents
How is Brachyspira spp. diagnosed?
clinical signs and history, gross pathology
culture/PCR
How is swine dysentery treated?
tiamulin +/- lincomycin
How is swine dysentery controlled?
treat or cull carriers
Where is Actinobacillus found?
commensal on most mucous membranes or URT and oral cavity
does not survive well in environment
what is the causative agent of wooden tongue in cattle?
Actinobacillus lignieresii
What are the clinical manifestations of wooden tongue in cattle
painful and hardened
What does Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae cause in swine?
necrotizing fibrinohemorrhagic pneumonia
what is the causative agent of sleepy foal disease?
Actinobacillus equuli
what causes serosal petechiae and suppurative foci at kidneys in foals?
Actinobacillus equuli
What does Actinobacillus suis cause in swine?
septicemia
meningitis
what animal does Actinobacillus porcitonsillarium infect?
swine
How is actinobacillus diagnosed?
culture
direct microscopy
How is wooden tongue treated?
iodide (sodium or potassium) + penicillin
How is Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP) treated?
prophylactic antibiotics (tiamulin, Tilmicosin)
How is sleepy foal disease treated?
additional colostrum
What two anaerobic non-spore forming bacteria are often involved in foot rot and interdigital dermatitis?
Fusobacterium necrophorum
Dichelobacter
Describe the epidemiology of pathogenic anaerobic non-spore forming (PANSF)
opportunistic infections
slow replication rates
mixed infections
What does Fuscobacterium necrophorum cause in cattle?
liver abscesses secondary to rumenitis
diphtheria/necrotic pharyngitis/laryngitis
What bacteria can synergize with Fuscobacterium necrophorum to create foot rot?
Dichelobacter nodosus
What does Fuscobacterium necrophorum cause in pigs?
necrotic rhinitis - bull nose
pronounced bulging, foul smelling nasal discharge
What can cause interdigital dermatitis sheep and foot rot in ruminants?
Fuscobacterium necrophorum
What does Dichelobacter nodosus cause in cattle?
interdigital dermatitis, heel erosions, and foot rot
What are the two forms of interdigital footrot in sheep cause by Dichelobacter nodosus?
benign
virulent
Describe the Benign and virulent form of interdigital footrot cause by Dichelobacter nodosus
