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Microbiology > Trueperella, Rhodococcus, Listeria, Erysipelothrix > Flashcards

Trueperella, Rhodococcus, Listeria, Erysipelothrix Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what phylum do Trueperella (Arcanobacterium) pyogenes and Rodococcus equi belong to?

A

Actinobacteria

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2
Q

what phylum do Listera spp. and Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae belong to?

A

Firmicutes

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3
Q

Trueperella spp.
gram - ?
morphology - ?
spore - ?

A

gram - positive
morphology - bacilli
spore - non-spore forming

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4
Q

Are trueperella spp. commensal or parasitic? what part of the body?

A

commensal - mucous membranes of mammals

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5
Q

what bacteria inhabits the upper respiratory, urogenital, and GI tracts of ruminants, swine, and other mammals?

A

Trueperella pyogenes

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6
Q

How does Trueperella pyogens become an opportunistic pathogen that causes disease?

A

traumatic inculation, secondary infection

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7
Q

what type of lesions does T. pyogenes cause? where?

A

suppurative in many organs/tissues

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8
Q

what virulence factors does T. pyogenes have?

A

pyolysin O - cytotoxic to macrophages, neutrophils, RBCs
Neuraminidase - binds to host cell and extracellular matrix

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9
Q

T or F - T. pyogenes acts a synergistic pathogen in bovine liver abscesses

A

true

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10
Q

How is T. pyogenes spread throughout the body?

A

Hematogenous dissemination

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11
Q

How does an infection with T. pyogenes present in swine?

A

septic arthritis - often after farrowing

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12
Q

How does an infection with T. pyogenes present in cattle?

A

severe mastitis - often heifers and dry cows

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13
Q

what is this cow most likely infected by?

A

T. pyogenes

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14
Q

How is T. pyogenes transmitted?

A

horn flies, teat contact with contaminated environment or contaminated milking equipment

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15
Q

How is T. pyogenes diagnosed?

A

presumptive - clinical findings and gram + rods in exudate smear
definitive - culture & species ID of bacterium from clinical samples

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16
Q

What type of T. pyogenes infections do not respond well to antibiotics?

A

in vivo (abscess encapsulation)

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17
Q

what are the reservoirs of Rhodococcus equi?

A

soil and intestinal tracts and feces of healthy animals

18
Q

what age of horses is Rhodococcus equi primarily an opportunistic pathogen?

A

young foals

19
Q

what does R. equi cause?

A

granulomas, pyogranulomas, and abscesses

20
Q

What is the significance of Vap proteins in R. equi?

A

protect against phagocytic killing
survive and grow inside macrophages (facultative intracellular pathogens)

21
Q

How do foal’s lungs infected with R. equi present?

A

pyogranulomatous bronchopneumonia

22
Q

Is R. equi infection limited to the lungs?

A

No - lesions can occur in pulmonary lymph nodes, mesenteric lymph nodes, intestines, and other extra pulmonary sites

23
Q

How is R. equi diagnosed?

A

presumptive - history, clinical findings, gram + pleomorphic cells within macrophages
definitive - culture and ID bacterium (molecular ID looking for vapA gene)

24
Q

what is a findings in a tracheal wash that would indicate an infection with R. equi?

A

gram + pleomorphic cells within macrophages

25
Q

what is the PCR for R. equi looking for?

A

vapA gene

26
Q

what strain of Listeria causes septicemia, abortion, and CNS infections in mammals?

A

L. monocytogenes

27
Q

what is the transmission of L. monocytogenes?

A

ingestion of contaminated food and vertical transmission in utero

28
Q

what are virulence factors of L. monocytogenes?

A

adhesins, listeriolysin O, grow inside phagocytic and non-phagocytic cells

29
Q

what is the toxin produced by L. monocytogenes? what does it do?

A

listeriolysin O - lets bacteria break out of phagocyte and spread to other cells

30
Q

what is the benefit of L. monocytogenes transferring cell to cell?

A

reduce exposure to humoral defenses

31
Q

How is Listeriosis diagnosed?

A

Presumptive - gram + rods in smears
Definitive - culture and ID bacterium

32
Q

This calf is experience facial drooping, excess salivation, and leaning to one side- what is wrong and what caused it?

A

brainstem encephalitis due to listeriosis

33
Q

what is the most important reservoir of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae?

A

swine - tonsils and GI tracts

34
Q

How is Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae spread?

A

ingestion of contaminated food or water, entry via skin wounds

35
Q

Where does Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae normally persis?

A

organic matter in soil and water

36
Q

what are the virulence factors of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae?

A

Neuraminidase - adherence to endothelial cells
Hyaluronidase - invasion of tissue
survive and grow inside macrophages (facultative intracellular pathogens)

37
Q

what is the causative agent?

A

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

38
Q

How does acute vs chronic Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae present?

A

acute - severe septicemia, skin lesions, high mortality, abortion
chronic - arthritis, endocarditis

39
Q

Veterinarians handling what animals are at risk for Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae?

A

fish, poultry, swine, and agricultural industries

40
Q

How does Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae present in humans?

A

localized cellulitis

41
Q

How is Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae diagnosed

A

presumptive - clinical findings, gram + short to filamentous rods in tissue smears
definitive - culture and ID bacterium

42
Q

what is another animal that can be affected by Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae? what happens?

A

poultry (esp turkeys) - acute septicemia with sudden death

Microbiology (13 decks)

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