Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Microbiology > Staphylococcus > Flashcards

Staphylococcus Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what are the general characteristics of all staphylococcus?

A

gram-positive cocci
catalase positive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

where are commensal staphylococcus found?

A

skin and mucous membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How do opportunistic staphylococcus cause infection?

A

pyogenic infection by damage to skin or MM, immunocompromised patients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are tests that can be used to differentiate between staphylococcus species?

A

coagulase
colony color
hemolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is a positive and negative result of coagulase test indicative of with staphylococcus?

A

positive - pathogenic strains
negative - non-pathogenic strains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a staphylococcus species that causes hemolysis indicate?

A

causes disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are virulence factors present with staphylococcus?

A

adhesins
protein A
toxins
invasins
urease ( S. pesudintermedius)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are adhesins?

A

facilitate bacterial attachment to host tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is protein A?

A

virulence factor that interferes with opsonization and phagocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what does alpha-toxin (alpha-hemolysin) do?

A

complete lysis of RBCs
spasm of smooth muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what does beta-toxin (beta-hemolysin) do?

A

incomplete/partial lysis of RBC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what does gamma-toxin (leucocidin) do?

A

cytolytic destruction of leukocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what enterotoxins do staph produce? what does it lead to?

A

enterotoxin A-E and G-J, SEA-SEJ, superantigen
food poisoning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

which bacteria secrete toxins and which release?

A

secrete - exotoxins
release - endotoxins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is a superantigen?

A

binds non-specifically to MHC-II and T cell receptor, leads to massive T cell activation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is TSST-I?

A

toxic shock syndrom toxin - I
toxic shock when released into blood
superantigen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is an exofoliative toxin?

A

proteases that exfoliate onto skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what staphylococcus cases exudative epidermitis in pigs? what does this?

A

S. hyicus
exfoliative toxins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what are invasins?

A

enzymes that contribute to tissue destruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what are some invasins that staph produce? what do they do

A

staphylokinase - break down blood clot
hyuluronidase - depolymerizes hyaluronic acid (CT)
capsule - protects bacterial cells from phagocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what does S. pseudointermedius urease do?

A

raise pH of urine
possible formation urinary stones - urolithiasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is the causative agent of mastitis in cattle?

A

staphylococcus aureus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

where is the main source of infection with mastitis?

A

udder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what virulence factors contribute to mastitis?

A

adhesins, invasins, capsule, leukocidin, hemolysins, exotoxins

toxins cause tissue damae

25
Q

What are the two clinical manifestations of mastitis?

A

acute and peracute
chronic/subclinical

26
Q

How does acute and peracute mastitis present?

A

acute swelling of udder, peracute gangrenous (venous thrombosis > tissue necrosis), quarter sore and swollen, fever anorexia, lameness

27
Q

what is the most common mastitis in cattle?

A

chronic/subclinical

28
Q

How does chronic mastitis present in cattle?

A

elevated somatic cell counts, duct blockage and atrophy, limited antibiotic access (hard to treat), damage to udder and drop in milk yield, majority of cases become low grade or subclinical

29
Q

How do you monitor/test for mastitis in cattle?

A

CMT - california mastitis test

30
Q

what does CMT measure?

A

somatic cells in milk

31
Q

How do you orient yourself when doing a CMT?

A

stand on right side of cow

32
Q

what is a positive culture for mastitis?

A

> 400,000 cells/mL

33
Q

How can mastitis be prevented?

A

milking equipment - maintenance
hygienic procedures
eliminate fly-breeding sites
culling (extended time, additional health problems)

34
Q

what is the vaccine on the market that can prevent mastitis?

A

Lysigin

35
Q

what is the causative agent of exudative epidermitis in pigs?

A

Staphylococcus hyicus

36
Q

what age of pigs is exudative epidermitis seen mostly in?

A

3 months of age

37
Q

what is the contagion level of exudative epidermitis?

A

highly contagious

38
Q

what is the pathogenesis of exudative epidermitis?

A

enter skin through minor abrasions or bite wound
same virulence factors as S. aureus except non-hemolytic
exfoliative toxins

39
Q

what are the clinical manifestations of exudative epidermitis in pigs?

A

excessive sebaceous secretion
exfoliation and exudation on skin
greasy exudate - ‘greasy pig disease’

40
Q

which age of pigs has a lower mortality?

A

adult

41
Q

How do you diagnose exudative epidermitis in pigs?

A

clinical presentation
culture and antibiotic sensitivity

42
Q

How do you treat exudative epidermitis in pigs?

A

early systemic antibiotics - amoxicillin, fluroquinolone, ceftiofur, lincomycin

43
Q

How do you control exudative epidermitis from spreading to other pigs?

A

strict isolation of affected pigs

44
Q

what is the causative agent of pyoderma in cats and dogs?

A

S. pseudintermedius

45
Q

what are the two types of pyoderma?

A

superficial - epidermis and hair follicles
deep dermis - furunculosis (boils)

46
Q

what are the virulence factors of S. pseudintermedium?

A

same as S. aureus
adhesins most important

47
Q

How does pyoderma present in dogs?

A

multifocal areas - alopecia, folllicular papules/pustules, crusts

48
Q

what is the causative agent of this dog disease?

A

S. pseuintermedius

49
Q

what is the causative agent of this pig disease?

A

S. hyicus

50
Q

what is the causative agent of this cow disease?

A

S. aureus

51
Q

How does pyoderma present in cats?

A

alopecia, ulceration, hemorrhagic crust, draining tracts

52
Q

what is the causative agent of this cat disease?

A

S. pseudintermedius

53
Q

what is MRSA?

A

methicillin-resistant S. aureus

54
Q

what is MRSP?

A

methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedium

55
Q

How do you treat pyoderma?

A

antibiotics, medicated shampoos

56
Q

How do you diagnose a staph infection?

A

isolation/culture - standard
microscopy - gram + staphlycoccus

57
Q

what agar is selecting for gram negative species?

A

MacConkey

58
Q

What agar selects for Staphylococcus species?

A

mannitol salt agar

59
Q

What should you do for owners who have pets carrying MRSA?

A

tell them to wash their hand thoroughly
no broken skin around pet

Microbiology (29 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions