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Microbiology > Bacillus > Flashcards

Bacillus Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Describe Bacillus species - gram, spores?

A

gram positive
spore forming
non-bulging

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2
Q

where are Bacillus species found?

A

soils, decaying organic material, water, human microbiota

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3
Q

what Bacillus species is responsible for anthrax and is nonmotile?

A

B. anthracis

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4
Q

what Bacillus species causes sporadic abortions in sheep/cattle?

A

B. licheniformis

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5
Q

what Bacillus group is Bacillus anthracis in?

A

Bacillus cereus sensu lato group

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6
Q

what is the infectious agent in Bacillus anthracis? how long is is it viable?

A

spores and viable for years

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7
Q

What must be done since Bacillus anthracis is a CDC category A priority pathogen?

A

report if you have suspected or confirmed infection

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8
Q

What is Sap in the S-layer of Bacillus anthracis?

A

primary protein during exponential growth

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9
Q

what is EA1 in the S-layer of Bacillus anthracis?

A

replaces Sap as cell enters stationary growth phase - strong target for vaccines

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10
Q

Are all B. anthracis strains virulent in humans?

A

no

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11
Q

what is the significance of pXO1 in B. anthracis?

A

extrachromosomal plasmid carrying lethal factor (LF), edema factor (EF), and protective antigen (PA)

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12
Q

Can LF cause disease on its own? How does it cause disease?

A

no it need PA
LF + PA -> lethal toxin
cleaves host cell MAP kinase proteins

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13
Q

Can EF cause disease on its own? How does it cause disease?

A

no it needs PA
EF + PA -> edema toxin
inc cAMP levels in host cell > swelling and edema (imbalance of ions)

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14
Q

what is the significance of pXO2 in B. anthracis?

A

encodes for capsule production (inhibits phagocytosis)
capBCDAE operon encodes genes necessary for poly-y-D glutamic acid capsule

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15
Q

what population is anthrax a primary disease of?

A

herbivores

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16
Q

what are the routes of infection of B. anthracis?

A

inoculation
ingestion
inhalation - NOT PENUMONIA

17
Q

How do cattle, sheep, and goats present when infected with B. anthracis?

A

peracute - extremely rapid progression, illness often not observed b/c so rapid

18
Q

what helps indicate this cow was infected with B. anthracis?

A
19
Q

How do horses present when infected with B. anthracis?

A
20
Q

Which animal once infected with B. anthracis die first - cow or horse?

A

cow

21
Q

How does a pig infected with B. anthracis present?

A

sudden death, oropharyngitis, or mild, chronic form

22
Q

what is oropharyngeal anthrax characterized by?

A

rapidly progressive swelling of throat

23
Q

What should you not do with the carcass when onsite of a B. anthracis case?

A

do not open carcass - promotes endospore formation

24
Q

what sites do B. anthracis cases usually have unclotted blood from post morteum?

A

mouth, nose, anus, vulva

25
Q

How is B. anthracis diagnosed?

A

sample sources with PPE
y-phage lysis
M’Fadyean stain (polychrome methylene blue)
BaDxx - growth chamber and later flow detection
Tetraacore Redline Alert - lateral flow detection

26
Q

why is y-phage lysis useful in diagnosing B. anthracis?

A

y-phage is specific to B. anthracis (and handful of B. cerus isolates)

27
Q

Are bacterial strain static?

A

no

28
Q

Since B. cereus has been shown to be naturally competent in some conditions what does it suggest about B. anthracis?

A

would also be competent

29
Q

what other Bacillus species can cause anthrax? How?

A
30
Q

How is anthrax prevented?

A

vaccination of animals - live culture of strain with no pXO2

31
Q

How are infected carcasses infected with anthrax handeled?

A

incinerate carcasses and burn soil during incineration

32
Q

How are animals treated that are infected with anthrax?

A

penicillin G or oxytetracycline

33
Q

How are humans treated that are exposed to anthrax if inhalation anthrax is possible?

A

doxycycline and ciprofloxacin for 60 days
latency in spore germination requires lengthy abx course

34
Q

what are the antibodies that treat humans infected with anthrax? what are they antibodies to?

A

Obiltoxaximab and Raxibacumab - monoclonal antibodies to PA

35
Q

Based on the spore location what is each bacteria?

A

Microbiology (29 decks)

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