Chlamydia and Moraxella

Question 1

Answer 1

Question 2

what is the life cycle of the typical Chlamydial agent?

Answer 2

Question 3

How are Chlamydial infections typically treated and prevented?

Answer 3

tetracyclines, vaccines where available, isolation of infected animals and removal of infectious materials

Question 4

How do Chlamydial infections induce disease, alone and in tandem with other agents?

Question 5

what is significant about chlamydiaceae in regards to one health?

Answer 5

zoonotic

Question 6

How does Chlamydophilia present in…
parrots
sheep and other species
range of species?

Answer 6

parrots - psittacosis
sheep and other species - reproductive losses
range of species - conjunctivitis

Question 7

what type of bird is Psittacosis seen in and what is important about this specific infection?

Answer 7

endemic in psittacine birds - zoonotic
transmitted via aerosol in droppings and feathers

Question 8

what is significant about most agents that cause abortions in sheep?

Answer 8

ZOONOTIC

Question 9

what samples should be submitted for abortions in range sheep?

Answer 9

aborted fetuses + placenta
blood from dam

Question 10

what chamydophila is suspected?

Answer 10

FA/PCR

Question 11

what are the main species Chlamydophila pecorum is in?

Answer 11

koala, ruminants

Question 12

what is KIDS?

Answer 12

koala immunodeficiency syndrome
retrovirus similar to HIV

Question 13

Answer 13

Question 14

How is Chlamydiaceae transmitted for conjunctivitis and pneumonia?

Answer 14

contact w/ infectious exudates (fecal-oral, aerosol)
replication in MM and respiratory epithelium

Question 15

How is Chlamydiaceae transmitted for abortion?

Answer 15

aborted fetal/placental tissues
agent target trophoblast layer of placenta

Question 16

How is Chalydiaceae diagnosed?

Answer 16

samples - fetal, placental tissues, conjunctival swabs
test - PCR (1-2d, placenta/fetus, tagets agent DNA)

Question 17

what is the causative agent of foothills abortion?

Answer 17

Pajaroellobacter abortibovis

Question 18

How is Pajaroellobacter abortibovis transmitted?

Answer 18

via tick - Ornithodoros coriaceus

Question 19

How is foothills abortion diagnosed?

Answer 19

IHC or PCR

Question 21

what measures are available for prevention of foothills abortion?

Answer 21

recently approved attenuated bacterial vaccine
needs to be given 60 days prior to breeding

Question 22

What population is most affected by Pajaroellobacter abortibovis?

Answer 22

first-calf heifers not previously exposed to ticks/bacteria

Question 23

what are common infections seen with Moraxella and what other agents may contribute to clinical presentations?

Answer 23

conjunctivitis, often in concert with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR)wh

Question 24

what predisposing factors contributes to clinical disease with Moraxella infections?

Answer 24

stress - severe weather, poor nutrition, calving
seasonality and emergency of biological vectors
introduction of new animals that may be silent carriers

Question 25

How are Moraxella infections commonly diagnosed?

Answer 25

clinical appearance w/ culture of conjunctival swabs IBR FA

Question 26

How are Moraxella infections typically prevented and treated?

Answer 26

Quarantine of new animals, isolation of affected individuals management of insect vectors antibiotics - tetracyclines, anti-inflammatories questionably efficacious vaccines

Question 27

what are the differental diagnosis for Bovine conjunctivitis?

Question 28

What can stressful events lead to in terms of a cow that has had conjunctivitis in its past?

Answer 28

reemergence

Question 29

How is Bovine conjunctivitis transmitted?

Answer 29

direct contact with infected

Question 30

Interpret these results

Answer 30

breeding bull carrier stress had virus reemerge other animals exposed and now infected needs to be 4 fold difference for significant titer