Chlamydia and Moraxella Flashcards

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1
Q
A
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2
Q

what is the life cycle of the typical Chlamydial agent?

A
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3
Q

How are Chlamydial infections typically treated and prevented?

A

tetracyclines, vaccines where available, isolation of infected animals and removal of infectious materials

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4
Q

How do Chlamydial infections induce disease, alone and in tandem with other agents?

A
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5
Q

what is significant about chlamydiaceae in regards to one health?

A

zoonotic

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6
Q

How does Chlamydophilia present in…
parrots
sheep and other species
range of species?

A

parrots - psittacosis
sheep and other species - reproductive losses
range of species - conjunctivitis

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7
Q

what type of bird is Psittacosis seen in and what is important about this specific infection?

A

endemic in psittacine birds - zoonotic
transmitted via aerosol in droppings and feathers

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8
Q

what is significant about most agents that cause abortions in sheep?

A

ZOONOTIC

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9
Q

what samples should be submitted for abortions in range sheep?

A

aborted fetuses + placenta
blood from dam

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10
Q

what chamydophila is suspected?

A

FA/PCR

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11
Q

what are the main species Chlamydophila pecorum is in?

A

koala, ruminants

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12
Q

what is KIDS?

A

koala immunodeficiency syndrome
retrovirus similar to HIV

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13
Q
A
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14
Q

How is Chlamydiaceae transmitted for conjunctivitis and pneumonia?

A

contact w/ infectious exudates (fecal-oral, aerosol)
replication in MM and respiratory epithelium

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15
Q

How is Chlamydiaceae transmitted for abortion?

A

aborted fetal/placental tissues
agent target trophoblast layer of placenta

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16
Q

How is Chalydiaceae diagnosed?

A

samples - fetal, placental tissues, conjunctival swabs
test - PCR (1-2d, placenta/fetus, tagets agent DNA)

17
Q

what is the causative agent of foothills abortion?

A

Pajaroellobacter abortibovis

18
Q

How is Pajaroellobacter abortibovis transmitted?

A

via tick - Ornithodoros coriaceus

19
Q

How is foothills abortion diagnosed?

A

IHC or PCR

20
Q
A
21
Q

what measures are available for prevention of foothills abortion?

A

recently approved attenuated bacterial vaccine
needs to be given 60 days prior to breeding

22
Q

What population is most affected by Pajaroellobacter abortibovis?

A

first-calf heifers not previously exposed to ticks/bacteria

23
Q

what are common infections seen with Moraxella and what other agents may contribute to clinical presentations?

A

conjunctivitis, often in concert with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR)wh

24
Q

what predisposing factors contributes to clinical disease with Moraxella infections?

A

stress - severe weather, poor nutrition, calving
seasonality and emergency of biological vectors
introduction of new animals that may be silent carriers

25
Q

How are Moraxella infections commonly diagnosed?

A

clinical appearance w/ culture of conjunctival swabs
IBR FA

26
Q

How are Moraxella infections typically prevented and treated?

A

Quarantine of new animals, isolation of affected individuals
management of insect vectors
antibiotics - tetracyclines, anti-inflammatories
questionably efficacious vaccines

27
Q

what are the differental diagnosis for Bovine conjunctivitis?

A
28
Q

What can stressful events lead to in terms of a cow that has had conjunctivitis in its past?

A

reemergence

29
Q

How is Bovine conjunctivitis transmitted?

A

direct contact with infected

30
Q

Interpret these results

A

breeding bull carrier
stress had virus reemerge
other animals exposed and now infected

needs to be 4 fold difference for significant titer