Chlamydia and Moraxella Flashcards
what is the life cycle of the typical Chlamydial agent?
How are Chlamydial infections typically treated and prevented?
tetracyclines, vaccines where available, isolation of infected animals and removal of infectious materials
How do Chlamydial infections induce disease, alone and in tandem with other agents?
what is significant about chlamydiaceae in regards to one health?
zoonotic
How does Chlamydophilia present in…
parrots
sheep and other species
range of species?
parrots - psittacosis
sheep and other species - reproductive losses
range of species - conjunctivitis
what type of bird is Psittacosis seen in and what is important about this specific infection?
endemic in psittacine birds - zoonotic
transmitted via aerosol in droppings and feathers
what is significant about most agents that cause abortions in sheep?
ZOONOTIC
what samples should be submitted for abortions in range sheep?
aborted fetuses + placenta
blood from dam
what chamydophila is suspected?
FA/PCR
what are the main species Chlamydophila pecorum is in?
koala, ruminants
what is KIDS?
koala immunodeficiency syndrome
retrovirus similar to HIV
How is Chlamydiaceae transmitted for conjunctivitis and pneumonia?
contact w/ infectious exudates (fecal-oral, aerosol)
replication in MM and respiratory epithelium
How is Chlamydiaceae transmitted for abortion?
aborted fetal/placental tissues
agent target trophoblast layer of placenta
How is Chalydiaceae diagnosed?
samples - fetal, placental tissues, conjunctival swabs
test - PCR (1-2d, placenta/fetus, tagets agent DNA)
what is the causative agent of foothills abortion?
Pajaroellobacter abortibovis
How is Pajaroellobacter abortibovis transmitted?
via tick - Ornithodoros coriaceus
How is foothills abortion diagnosed?
IHC or PCR
what measures are available for prevention of foothills abortion?
recently approved attenuated bacterial vaccine
needs to be given 60 days prior to breeding
What population is most affected by Pajaroellobacter abortibovis?
first-calf heifers not previously exposed to ticks/bacteria
what are common infections seen with Moraxella and what other agents may contribute to clinical presentations?
conjunctivitis, often in concert with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR)wh
what predisposing factors contributes to clinical disease with Moraxella infections?
stress - severe weather, poor nutrition, calving
seasonality and emergency of biological vectors
introduction of new animals that may be silent carriers
How are Moraxella infections commonly diagnosed?
clinical appearance w/ culture of conjunctival swabs
IBR FA
How are Moraxella infections typically prevented and treated?
Quarantine of new animals, isolation of affected individuals
management of insect vectors
antibiotics - tetracyclines, anti-inflammatories
questionably efficacious vaccines
what are the differental diagnosis for Bovine conjunctivitis?
What can stressful events lead to in terms of a cow that has had conjunctivitis in its past?
reemergence
How is Bovine conjunctivitis transmitted?
direct contact with infected
Interpret these results
breeding bull carrier
stress had virus reemerge
other animals exposed and now infected
needs to be 4 fold difference for significant titer
