Morphology and Structure 2 Flashcards
what is glycocalyx?
surrounds outside of the cell, around cell wall
what are the two forms of glycocalyx?
slime layer and capsule
what is the function of glycocalyx?
-promotes adherence for biofilm formation
-protects against desiccation
-barrier to toxic molecules (antibiotics, chemicals)
-inhibits phagocytosis
-virulence factor
what test is used to determine if a bacteria has a capsule?
Quellung reaction
match the description to the terms slime later and capsule
- easily removed, diffuse, unorganized layer
- well organized, uniform, and rigid
1 - slime layer
2 - capsule
Based on this image does the bacteria have a capsule?
yes, capsule swollen
what are the 3 major components of the flagella? what does it do?
filament - moving part
hook - attaches filament to basal body
basal body - anchors flagellum in cell wall/membrane
what are H antigens?
composed of flagellin
way to distinguish flagellum
Define atrichous
no flagellum
Define monotrichous
single polar flagellum
Define lophotrichous
multiple polar flagella
define amphitrichous
single flagellum found at two opposite poles
define pertrichous
multiple flagella all over cell
Describe each flagella
what are the 2 main classes of pili?
ordinary/common pili
sex pilus/conjugation pilus/F pilus
Do bacteria have a nucleus or nucleoid?
nuceloid, no nuclear membrane present
genome free floating
what is coupled transcription-translation?
translates RNA before it is done being transcribed
polyribosome present
how is coupled transcription-translation a benefit?
quick response to changing environment
what are important about bacterial chromosomes?
no introns and no histones
can quickly respond to environment
are bacteria able to acquire plasmids?
yes through various genetic mechanisms
what ribosomes do bacteria have?
70S - 50S and 30S subunit
how are ribosomes and antibiotics related?
antibiotics target ribosomes
which of the following ribosomes would antibiotics affect - 60S, 40S, 50S, 30S
50S and 30S
what are inclusion bodies?
various granules, vesicles and vacuoles within cytoplasm
why are inclusion bodies important?
detection can help in identifying bacteria
what are endospores?
resting stage allowing organism to survive harsh environmental conditions
what is endospores resistant to?
chemicals, desiccation, heat, radiation, acids, disinfectant, etc.
what are the properties/structures of endospores?
core, spore wall, cortex, coat, and exosporium
what is the difference between vegetative growth and sporulation?
vegetative growth results in more bacteria and sporulation does not
what are the two clinically relevant genera that produce endospores?
Bacillus and Clostridium
