Bartonella & Rickettsiales 1 & 2 Flashcards
what cell type is Bartonella facultative intracellular for?
endothelial cells and erythrocytes
what population does Bartonella cause disease in?
accidental host
reservoir host animals in poor health (immunodeficient)
Describe the media and growth of Bartonella
blood-enriched media (ex. chocolate agar) , slow growth
Describe the lesions of Bartonella
what disease dose Bartonella henselae cause and in what reservoir?
endorcarditis in felids
what is the primary disease caused by Bartonella bacteria?
endocarditis
what is the vector of Bartonella henselae?
cat flea
what bacteria caused these lesions?
Bartonella
what bacteria caused these lesions?
Bartonella
what is shown in this image?
How is Bartonella presumptively diagnosed?
clinical presentation + exposure to biting arthropods
How does bartonella get a confirmatory diagnosis?
culture, PCR, MALDI-TOF
How is Bartonella treated?
antimicrobials - only clinical signs or asymptomatic living with immunocompromised
doxycycline, azithromycin, enrofloxacin
How are Bartonella infections controlled?
limit exposure to vectors
What type of disease does rickettsiales cause?
athropod-borne diseases
Are Rickettsiales facultative intracellular or obligate intracellular?
obligate intracellular
What is the important reservoir hosts of Rickettsiales?
ticks
Who are the accidental hosts of Rickettsiales?
humans
What Rickettsiales causes the following -
Rickettsioses
Anaplasmoses
Ehrlichoises
Neorickettsioes
Rickettsioses - Rickettsia spp.
Anaplasmoses - Anaplasma spp.
Ehrlichoises - Ehrlichia spp.
Neorickettsioes - Neorickettsia spp.
Describe the pathogenesis of Rickettsiaceae
invade & grow in endothelial cells of small blood vessels > necrotizing vasculitis > increased vascular permeability > edema, hemorrhage, hypovolemia > encephalitis, nephritis, myocarditis
what is the causative agent of Rocky mountain spotted fever?
Rickettsia rickettsii
what is the host/vector of RMSF in the USA?
ticks
How is Rickettsia rickettsii transmitted in ticks?
transovarial
How does RMSF present in dogs?
How is R. rickettsii diagnosed?
presumptive - presentation, exposure to ticks in RMSF endemic areas
confirmatory - serology, PCR
How do you treat RMSF and when?
doxycycline or tetracycline
do not delay for confirmatory lab results
How is RMSF controlled?
limit exposure to potentially infected ticks
In the arizona tribal RMSF response plan what is there an emphasis on?
brown dog tick surveillance and control
What cells does Anaplasmataceae infect? where do they multiply?
hematopoietic origin
multiple within membrane-bound structures called morulae
What cells does A. marginale infect?
RBCs of ruminants
what cells does A. platys infect?
platelets, primarily of canids
only infectious agent known to replicate in platelets
what cells does A. phagocytophilum infect?
granulocytes of diverse mammals
what is the most prevalent tick-borne disease of cattle and what is the causative agent?
bovine anaplasmosis
Anaplasma marginale
How is A. marginale diagnosed in cattle?
presumptive - clinical signs, inclusion bodes (morulae) near margin of stained RBCs
definitive - serology, PCR
what ages of cattle are most affected by Anaplasma marginale?
what is significant about survivors of Bovine anaplasmosis?
chronic, lifelong, subclinical infections - carrier state
what is used to treat A. marginale in cattle?
tetracyclines
what is the causative agent of Infectious canine cyclic thrombocytopenia?
A. platys
what is a key clinical sign of infectious canine cyclic thrombocytopenia?
epistaxis
How is A. platys diagnosed in ICCT?
clinical signs, hx tick exposure, morulae in stained platelets
snap 4dx
How is A. platys treated in dogs?
doxycycline
what bacteria is causing this morulae formation?
A. platys
in platelets
what bacteria is causing this morulae formation?
A. marginale
in RBCS near margins
what type of cell does A. phagocytophilum infect?
primarily granulocytes
what is a common clinical sign of canine granulocytic anaplasmosis?
lameness (polyarthritis)
what animals does A. phagocytophilum infect?
canine - canine granulocytic anaplasmosis
equine - equine granulocytic anaplasmosis
ruminants - tick-borne fever, not in USA
what is the causative agent in this infection? blacklegged ticks on patient
A. phagocytophilum morula in neutrophil
what is the causative agent of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis?
E. canis
what is the causative agent of canine granulocytic ehrlichiosis?
E. ewingii
what des E. chaffeenis cause?
unnamed ehrlichiosis in dogs
what types of cells does E. canis have a tropism for?
monocytes and macrophages
what is the causative agent - brown dog tick found on dog
acute E. canis
what form of E. canis is fatal?
chronic canine monocytic ehrlichiosis
which tick transmits Anaphasma phagocytophilum?
blacklegged ticks
what cell does E. ewingii have a tropism for?
granulocytes
what is the causative agent in this infection? brown dog ticks on patient
what cell does E. chaffeenis have a tropism for?
monocytes
what is the causative agent?
E. chaffeensis
could also be E. canis since they infect monocytes & macrophages
what bacteria are obligate intracellular symbionts of flukes?
Neorickettsia
what is the causative agent of salmon poisoning disease?
N. helminthoeca
what is the causative agent of potomac horse fever?
N. risticii
Describe the pathogenesis of salmon poisoning disease
dog eats fish infected with encysted fluke larvae > N. helminthoeca released by adult flukes > infected dog
what is the causative agent? Dog just went on a fishing trip with owner
N. helminthoeca primarily infects monocytes and macrophages
Describe the pathogenesis of N. risticii
horse eats adult mayfly/caddisfly infected with larval flukes > larvae do not mature in horse but release N. risticci > infects horse
List the Neorickettsia that is released by adult flukes and larvae
adult - N. helminthoeca
larvae - N. risticii
what is the causative agent of potomac horse fever?
N. risticii
