Salmonella - GI infections and Disease

Question 1

Describe enterobacteria - shape, oxygen, spore, motility

Answer 1

G-rods
facultative anaerobes
non-spore forming
typically motile

Question 2

what are the major Enterobacteria pathogens for mammals?

Answer 2

Salmonella
Escherichia coli
Yersinia

Question 3

where is salmonella found?

Answer 3

GI tract of mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians

Question 4

what is Salmonella enterica divided into?

Answer 4

serotypes

Question 5

Describe serotype nomenclature

Answer 5

genus name (Salmonella) followed by capatialized sero type name

ex. “Salmonella” enterica Typhi

Question 6

what are the important reservoirs of infection for domestic animals for Salmonella infections?

Answer 6

rodents and wild birds

Question 7

which has a broad and narrow host range - Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Choleraesuis

Answer 7

Salmonella Typhimurium - broad
Salmonella Choleraesuis - narrow (swine)

Question 8

what is the pathogenesis of Salmonellae?

Answer 8

survive gastric acid barrier > intestinal infection > facultative intracellular pathogens (macrophages)

Question 9

How is Salmonellae systemically spread?

Answer 9

via infected macrophages > lymphatic fluid and bloodstream

Question 10

what is the most common type (state) of Salmonella infection?

Answer 10

carrier state - subclinical infection of variable duration

Question 11

when may sub clinically infected animals with Salmonellae develop clinical disease?

Answer 11

if stressed (crowding, shipping, anesthesia and surgery)

Question 12

what are the two major forms of salmonellosis?

Answer 12

enteritis
systemic septicemia

Question 13

what are the main Salmonella found in cattle?

Answer 13

S. Dublin
S. Typhimurium

Question 14

Salmonella infections to what species cause high economic impacts

Answer 14

cattle and poultry

Question 15

What clinical signs are seen with S. Dublin in cattle?

Answer 15

various - enterocolitis w/ diarrhea, fever, septicemia w/ fever, depression, anorexia, dehydration, abortion and dec milk production

Question 16

Which pathogen can cause terminal dry gangrene in calves?

Answer 16

Salmonella Dublin

Question 17

which pathogen can cause abortion and decreased milk production in adult cows?

Answer 17

Salmonella Dublin

Question 18

what clinical signs are seen with S. Typhimurium in calves?

Answer 18

enterocolitis w/ diarrhea in calves

Question 19

which Salmonella has high zoonotic potential that are seen in cattle?

Answer 19

S. Dublin and S. Typhimurium

Question 20

what are the main Salmonella found in swine?

Answer 20

S. Choleraesuis and S. Typhimurium

Question 21

what clinical signs are seen with S. Choleraesuis?

Answer 21

septicemic disease more common than enterocolitis

Question 22

what ages are susceptible to S. Choleraesuis infection?

Answer 22

all ages - esp weaned and growing finishing pigs

Question 23

what pathogen did this pig die from?

Answer 23

Question 24

what are the main Salmonella found in horses?

Answer 24

S. Typhimurium

Question 25

which Salmonella has high zoonotic potential that are seen in swine and horses?

Answer 25

S. Typhimurium

Question 26

what does S. Typhimurium cause in horses?

Answer 26

self-limiting diarrhea to severe necrotizing enterocolitis

Question 27

which ages do you mostly see septicemic Salmonella infections with?

Answer 27

young animals

Question 28

what Salmonella are most common in sheep?

Answer 28

S. Abortusovis S. Dublin S. Typhimurium

Question 29

which Salmonella has high zoonotic potential that are seen in sheep?

Answer 29

S. Dublin S. Typhimurium

Question 30

what Salmonella are most common in dogs and cats?

Answer 30

not common

Question 31

Where do dogs and cats get salmonella infections from?

Answer 31

raw meats, commercial diets, treats

Question 32

Which species can have increased shedding by subclinically infected hosts when infected by raw meats and commercial diets?

Answer 32

dogs and cats

Question 33

what Salmonella are most common in poultry?

Answer 33

S. Pullorum S. Gallinarum S. Typhimurium

Question 34

How is S. Pullorum and S. Gallinarum transmitted?

Answer 34

transovarian and fecal oral transmission

Question 35

what causes Pullorum disease? what age gets this?

Answer 35

S. Pullorum most common in birds <4 weeks old

Question 36

what causes fowl typhoid? what age gets this?

Answer 36

S. Gallinarum primarily in growing/adult birds

Question 37

What does S. Pullorum and S. Gallinarum both cause - clinical disease?

Answer 37

septicemic disease S. Gallinarum - sudden death

Question 38

In young birds what can cause signs/lesions like those in pullorum disease but it not pullorum disease?

Answer 38

S. Gallinarum

Question 39

what Salmonella are most common in Reptiles?

Answer 39

S. Typhimurium

Question 40

How is Salmonellois diagnosed?

Answer 40

clinical signs culture & ID - antimicrobial sensitivity testing

Question 41

How is Salmonellois treated?

Answer 41

septicemic forms - IV antimicrobials & supportive care enteric forms - oral antimicrobia (used judiciously - could clear on their own) & supportive care

Question 42

How is the introduction of Salmonellosis prevented?

Answer 42

new animals - quarantined, Salmonella-free sources feed and drinking water - make sure uncontaminated, clean routinely

Question 43

How is Salmonellosis spread limited?

Answer 43

isolate & treat/cull enforce hygiene

Question 44

Which species have a vaccination for Salmonellosis?

Answer 44

poultry, cattle, sheep, swine

Question 45

What disease is commonly spread between pets and people?

Answer 45

Salmonellosis