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Microbiology > Salmonella - GI infections and Disease > Flashcards

Salmonella - GI infections and Disease Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Describe enterobacteria - shape, oxygen, spore, motility

A

G-rods
facultative anaerobes
non-spore forming
typically motile

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2
Q

what are the major Enterobacteria pathogens for mammals?

A

Salmonella
Escherichia coli
Yersinia

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3
Q

where is salmonella found?

A

GI tract of mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians

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4
Q

what is Salmonella enterica divided into?

A

serotypes

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5
Q

Describe serotype nomenclature

A

genus name (Salmonella) followed by capatialized sero type name

ex. “Salmonella” enterica Typhi

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6
Q

what are the important reservoirs of infection for domestic animals for Salmonella infections?

A

rodents and wild birds

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7
Q

which has a broad and narrow host range - Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Choleraesuis

A

Salmonella Typhimurium - broad
Salmonella Choleraesuis - narrow (swine)

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8
Q

what is the pathogenesis of Salmonellae?

A

survive gastric acid barrier > intestinal infection > facultative intracellular pathogens (macrophages)

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9
Q

How is Salmonellae systemically spread?

A

via infected macrophages > lymphatic fluid and bloodstream

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10
Q

what is the most common type (state) of Salmonella infection?

A

carrier state - subclinical infection of variable duration

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11
Q

when may sub clinically infected animals with Salmonellae develop clinical disease?

A

if stressed (crowding, shipping, anesthesia and surgery)

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12
Q

what are the two major forms of salmonellosis?

A

enteritis
systemic septicemia

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13
Q

what are the main Salmonella found in cattle?

A

S. Dublin
S. Typhimurium

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14
Q

Salmonella infections to what species cause high economic impacts

A

cattle and poultry

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15
Q

What clinical signs are seen with S. Dublin in cattle?

A

various - enterocolitis w/ diarrhea, fever, septicemia w/ fever, depression, anorexia, dehydration, abortion and dec milk production

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16
Q

Which pathogen can cause terminal dry gangrene in calves?

A

Salmonella Dublin

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17
Q

which pathogen can cause abortion and decreased milk production in adult cows?

A

Salmonella Dublin

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18
Q

what clinical signs are seen with S. Typhimurium in calves?

A

enterocolitis w/ diarrhea in calves

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19
Q

which Salmonella has high zoonotic potential that are seen in cattle?

A

S. Dublin and S. Typhimurium

20
Q

what are the main Salmonella found in swine?

A

S. Choleraesuis and S. Typhimurium

21
Q

what clinical signs are seen with S. Choleraesuis?

A

septicemic disease more common than enterocolitis

22
Q

what ages are susceptible to S. Choleraesuis infection?

A

all ages - esp weaned and growing finishing pigs

23
Q

what pathogen did this pig die from?

A
24
Q

what are the main Salmonella found in horses?

A

S. Typhimurium

25
Q

which Salmonella has high zoonotic potential that are seen in swine and horses?

A

S. Typhimurium

26
Q

what does S. Typhimurium cause in horses?

A

self-limiting diarrhea to severe necrotizing enterocolitis

27
Q

which ages do you mostly see septicemic Salmonella infections with?

A

young animals

28
Q

what Salmonella are most common in sheep?

A

S. Abortusovis
S. Dublin
S. Typhimurium

29
Q

which Salmonella has high zoonotic potential that are seen in sheep?

A

S. Dublin
S. Typhimurium

30
Q

what Salmonella are most common in dogs and cats?

A

not common

31
Q

Where do dogs and cats get salmonella infections from?

A

raw meats, commercial diets, treats

32
Q

Which species can have increased shedding by subclinically infected hosts when infected by raw meats and commercial diets?

A

dogs and cats

33
Q

what Salmonella are most common in poultry?

A

S. Pullorum
S. Gallinarum
S. Typhimurium

34
Q

How is S. Pullorum and S. Gallinarum transmitted?

A

transovarian and fecal oral transmission

35
Q

what causes Pullorum disease? what age gets this?

A

S. Pullorum
most common in birds <4 weeks old

36
Q

what causes fowl typhoid? what age gets this?

A

S. Gallinarum
primarily in growing/adult birds

37
Q

What does S. Pullorum and S. Gallinarum both cause - clinical disease?

A

septicemic disease
S. Gallinarum - sudden death

38
Q

In young birds what can cause signs/lesions like those in pullorum disease but it not pullorum disease?

A

S. Gallinarum

39
Q

what Salmonella are most common in Reptiles?

A

S. Typhimurium

40
Q

How is Salmonellois diagnosed?

A

clinical signs
culture & ID - antimicrobial sensitivity testing

41
Q

How is Salmonellois treated?

A

septicemic forms - IV antimicrobials & supportive care
enteric forms - oral antimicrobia (used judiciously - could clear on their own) & supportive care

42
Q

How is the introduction of Salmonellosis prevented?

A

new animals - quarantined, Salmonella-free sources
feed and drinking water - make sure uncontaminated, clean routinely

43
Q

How is Salmonellosis spread limited?

A

isolate & treat/cull
enforce hygiene

44
Q

Which species have a vaccination for Salmonellosis?

A

poultry, cattle, sheep, swine

45
Q

What disease is commonly spread between pets and people?

A

Salmonellosis

Microbiology (29 decks)

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