Salmonella - GI infections and Disease Flashcards
Describe enterobacteria - shape, oxygen, spore, motility
G-rods
facultative anaerobes
non-spore forming
typically motile
what are the major Enterobacteria pathogens for mammals?
Salmonella
Escherichia coli
Yersinia
where is salmonella found?
GI tract of mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians
what is Salmonella enterica divided into?
serotypes
Describe serotype nomenclature
genus name (Salmonella) followed by capatialized sero type name
ex. “Salmonella” enterica Typhi
what are the important reservoirs of infection for domestic animals for Salmonella infections?
rodents and wild birds
which has a broad and narrow host range - Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Choleraesuis
Salmonella Typhimurium - broad
Salmonella Choleraesuis - narrow (swine)
what is the pathogenesis of Salmonellae?
survive gastric acid barrier > intestinal infection > facultative intracellular pathogens (macrophages)
How is Salmonellae systemically spread?
via infected macrophages > lymphatic fluid and bloodstream
what is the most common type (state) of Salmonella infection?
carrier state - subclinical infection of variable duration
when may sub clinically infected animals with Salmonellae develop clinical disease?
if stressed (crowding, shipping, anesthesia and surgery)
what are the two major forms of salmonellosis?
enteritis
systemic septicemia
what are the main Salmonella found in cattle?
S. Dublin
S. Typhimurium
Salmonella infections to what species cause high economic impacts
cattle and poultry
What clinical signs are seen with S. Dublin in cattle?
various - enterocolitis w/ diarrhea, fever, septicemia w/ fever, depression, anorexia, dehydration, abortion and dec milk production
Which pathogen can cause terminal dry gangrene in calves?
Salmonella Dublin
which pathogen can cause abortion and decreased milk production in adult cows?
Salmonella Dublin
what clinical signs are seen with S. Typhimurium in calves?
enterocolitis w/ diarrhea in calves
which Salmonella has high zoonotic potential that are seen in cattle?
S. Dublin and S. Typhimurium
what are the main Salmonella found in swine?
S. Choleraesuis and S. Typhimurium
what clinical signs are seen with S. Choleraesuis?
septicemic disease more common than enterocolitis
what ages are susceptible to S. Choleraesuis infection?
all ages - esp weaned and growing finishing pigs
what pathogen did this pig die from?
what are the main Salmonella found in horses?
S. Typhimurium
which Salmonella has high zoonotic potential that are seen in swine and horses?
S. Typhimurium
what does S. Typhimurium cause in horses?
self-limiting diarrhea to severe necrotizing enterocolitis
which ages do you mostly see septicemic Salmonella infections with?
young animals
what Salmonella are most common in sheep?
S. Abortusovis
S. Dublin
S. Typhimurium
which Salmonella has high zoonotic potential that are seen in sheep?
S. Dublin
S. Typhimurium
what Salmonella are most common in dogs and cats?
not common
Where do dogs and cats get salmonella infections from?
raw meats, commercial diets, treats
Which species can have increased shedding by subclinically infected hosts when infected by raw meats and commercial diets?
dogs and cats
what Salmonella are most common in poultry?
S. Pullorum
S. Gallinarum
S. Typhimurium
How is S. Pullorum and S. Gallinarum transmitted?
transovarian and fecal oral transmission
what causes Pullorum disease? what age gets this?
S. Pullorum
most common in birds <4 weeks old
what causes fowl typhoid? what age gets this?
S. Gallinarum
primarily in growing/adult birds
What does S. Pullorum and S. Gallinarum both cause - clinical disease?
septicemic disease
S. Gallinarum - sudden death
In young birds what can cause signs/lesions like those in pullorum disease but it not pullorum disease?
S. Gallinarum
what Salmonella are most common in Reptiles?
S. Typhimurium
How is Salmonellois diagnosed?
clinical signs
culture & ID - antimicrobial sensitivity testing
How is Salmonellois treated?
septicemic forms - IV antimicrobials & supportive care
enteric forms - oral antimicrobia (used judiciously - could clear on their own) & supportive care
How is the introduction of Salmonellosis prevented?
new animals - quarantined, Salmonella-free sources
feed and drinking water - make sure uncontaminated, clean routinely
How is Salmonellosis spread limited?
isolate & treat/cull
enforce hygiene
Which species have a vaccination for Salmonellosis?
poultry, cattle, sheep, swine
What disease is commonly spread between pets and people?
Salmonellosis
