Escherichia coli - GI infections and disease

Question 1

Where is E. coli found?

Answer 1

gut microbiome of mammals

Question 2

How is E. coli transmitted?

Answer 2

fecal-oral transmission

Question 3

What are the enteric pathotypes of E. coli?

Answer 3

Enterotoxigeneic (ETEC)
Enteropathogenic (EPEC)
Shiga toxin-producing (STEC)

Question 4

What are the extraintestinal pathotypes of E. coli?

Answer 4

Avian pathogenic (APEC)
Septicemic (SEPEC)
Uropathogenic (UPEC)

Question 5

Describe the virulence factors of E. coli

Answer 5

adhesins
exotoxins
endotoxins

Question 6

Describe the exotoxins of E. coli

Answer 6

enterotoxins - enterocyte hypersecretion and malabsorption
shiga toxins - damage to enterocytes and endothelial cells
cytotoxins - secreted by extraintestinal pathotypes

Question 7

What are the important reservoirs of infection with E. coli?

Answer 7

carriers

Question 8

How are young animals predisposed to infection and disease?

Answer 8

overcrowding & poor hygiene
stress
insufficient colostral immunity

Question 9

Where do Enterotoxigenic (ETEC) strains infect?

Answer 9

jejunum & ileum

Question 10

Who does ETEC primarily infect?

Answer 10

young piglets, calves, lambs

Question 11

Where do Enteropathogenic (EPEC) strains infect?

Answer 11

ileum & colon

Question 12

what can cause post weaning diarrhea in pigs?

Answer 12

ETEC and sometimes EPEC strains

Question 13

what are clinical signs with post-weaning diarrhea in pigs? (mild and severe)

Answer 13

mild - reduced feed intake, watery diarrhea
severe - profuse watery diarrhea, bluish-red skin ears, sudden death

Question 14

what causes edema disease in swine?

Answer 14

Shiga toxin producing (STEC)

Question 15

Describe pathogenesis of STEC strains

Answer 15

Shiga toxin > BS, damages endothelial cells > perivascular edema

Question 16

what is this pig infected with?

Answer 16

STEC E. coli

Question 17

what are the factors contributing to edema disease in swine?

Answer 17

multifactorial etiology - new social and physical environments, dietary changes, loss of colostrum, etc.

Question 18

what causes Colisepticemia in mammals?

Answer 18

Septicemic (SEPEC) strains

Question 19

what animals primarily get Colisepticemia?

Answer 19

newborn ruminants

Question 20

How do septicemic strains cause disease?

Answer 20

colonize and cross mucosae or invade via infected naval
endotoxin > endotoxic shock, high mortality

Question 21

How is SEPEC bacteria excreted?

Answer 21

feces, urine, and oral & nasal secretions

Question 22

what causes Colisepticemia in poultry?

Answer 22

Avian pathogenic (APEC) strains

Question 23

How do Avian pathogenic (APEC) strains cause disease?

Answer 23

colonize & breach respiratory mucosa via inhalation of aerosolized dried feces

Question 24

what are the factors contributing to Colisepticemia in poultry?

Answer 24

multifactorial etiology - stressful housing conditions + other respiratory pathogens > inc susceptibility to infection & disease

Question 25

What does colisepticemia in poultry cause? What age?

Answer 25

acute septicemia & sudden death primarily in birds <1 month old

Question 26

what causes urogenital tract infections?

Answer 26

Uropathogenic (UPEC) strains

Question 27

what population does UPEC strains primarily infect?

Answer 27

dogs and cats

Question 28

what is the biggest risk of pyometra?

Answer 28

potentially fatal

Question 29

what causes coliform mastitis?

Answer 29

no pathotype characterized

Question 30

what population does coliform mastitis affect?

Answer 30

older, multiparous cows

Question 31

How does coliform mastitis cause disease?

Answer 31

fecal contamination of skin of mammary gland > rapid growth in udder> endotoxin> local inflammation, systemic illness

Question 32

which form of coliform mastitis has a high rate of spontaneous cure?

Answer 32

moderate coliform mastitis - slightly swollen quarter producing watery to serous secretion w/ flakes

Question 33

what type of mastitis is coliform mastitis?

Answer 33

environmental - fecal contamination

Question 34

What is the range of disease seen with Coliform mastitis?

Answer 34

subclinical infecto to severe (fatal) systemic disease

Question 35

How is E. coli diagnosed?

Answer 35

clinical signs, history, age group ID and culture

Question 36

How is E. coli prevented and controlled?

Answer 36

hygiene reduce stress feed colostrum manage dietary changes breed for resistance vaccinate

Question 37

Which diseases can you vaccinate for?

Answer 37

enteric colibacillosis, edema disease, post-weaning diarrhea, E. coli mastitis

Question 38

How is E. coli treated?

Answer 38

none of its bolded sooo.....