Bordetella/Campylobacter Flashcards
where is Bordetella spp found?
extracellular commensal in upper respiratory tract of mammals and birds
what are the 3 opportunistic pathogens of Bordetella we discuss?
B. bronchiseptica, B. avium, B. parapertussis
Describe Bordetella - FYI
gram -
oxygen requirements -
catalase/oxidase -
gram - negative
oxygen requirements - obligate aerobe
catalase/oxidase - positive
How is Bordetella transmitted?
aerosol transmission
what does it mean that Bordetella is biphasic?
avirulent at 25 C
virulent genes switched at 37 C
what are the factors that contribute to kennel cough being multifactorial?
stress
bordetella bronchiseptica
canine pneumovirus
what does Bordetella have a tropism for?
ciliated respiratory epithelium
what are the toxin virulence factors for Bordetella?
what does B. bronchiseptica cause in pigs and dogs?
pigs - atrophic rhinitis
dogs - canine infectious tracheobronchitis
what does B. avium cause in turkeys?
Coryza
what are the clinical signs of kennel cough?
coughing, retching, mild serous oculonasal discharge, respiratory infections, bronchopneumonia
what is canine infectious tracheobronchitis?
kennel cough
what causes turbinate hypoplasia in pigs (atrophic rhinitis)?
infection with Brodetella bronchiseptic and Pasteurella multocida
what are the clinical signs of turkey coryza?
beak breathing, sneezing
How is Bordetella bronchiseptica in dogs diagnosed?
Is the dog coughing/sneezing?
history - boarding kennels, dog parks, veterinary hospitals
Positive ID (culture/PCR)
treacheal fluids, sinus exudates, PCR (CDV, Mycoplasma)
How is Bordetella bronchiseptica in dogs treated?
vaccination
isolation/improved hygiene
supportive care +/- antibiotiocs
what organisms may be recovered from cases of canine kennel cough?
what species of Bordetella produce disease in respective hosts - dogs, pigs, turkeys?
what are the possible clinical presentations of Bordetella infections in animals?
where does Campylobacter spp. infect?
intestinal and genital tracts
what type of disease does Campylobacter spp. commonly cause?
diarrhea or abortion
what does C. fetus subsp. venerealis cause in cattle?
what does C. fetus subsp. fetus cause in sheep?
what disease does C. jejuni cause?
what Campylobacter species cause venereal disease?
C. fetus, C. venerealis, or C. jejuni
what campylobacter species cause diarrheal disease?
C. jejuni
what are the important virulence factors of Campylobacter spp.?
What does the microcapsule do in Campylobacter spp.?
reduces susceptibility to complement and phagocytosis
What does the S-layer do in Campylobacter spp.?
8 variants for immune evasion
what is seen with Bovine genital campylobacteriosis?
temporary infertility
abortion
asymptomatically infected carriers
what can cause permanent infertility in cattle? how?
C. venerealis
bacteria migrate to oviducts
what is seen with Ovine genital campylobacteriosis?
abortion in ewes
necrotic placentitis
what causes Bovine genital campylobacteriosis?
C. venerealis
what causes ovine genital campylobacteriosis?
C. fetus
what is seen with canine intestinal campylobacteriosis?
most infections subclinical
enteritis
what causes canine intestinal campylobacteriosis?
C. jejuni
what causes avian vibrionic hepatitis?
C. jejuni
How is Campylobacter spp. diagnosed?
PCR and culture
How is C. fetus treated?
therapeutic vaccination
chlortetracycline
How is C. venerealis treated?
Dihydrostreptomycin in cattle
How is C. jejuni treated?
Dihydrostreptomycin
fluids and antibiotics
what are some important virulence factors carried by Bordetella and their pathogenic effects?
Focus on toxins
How are Bordetella infections commonly treated in each animal species it affects?
vaccination
isolation/improved hygiene
supportive care +/- antibiotics
what are the common Campylobacter species and what animals do they affect?
C. fetus subsp, veneralis - bovine
C, fetus subsp. fetus - ruminants (lambs)
C. jejuni - most species (dogs)
what are the clinical presentation of Campylobacter in animal species?
How do Campylobacter avoid immune detection?
microcapsule resist complement and phagocytosis
S layer shifts antigenic features
How is Campylobacter diagnosed in animals?
culture and PCR
what are the treatment or prevention options available for campylobacter in animals?
vaccination, antibiotics (dihydrostreptomycin, chlortetracycline), supportive care
