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-x-A320 notes-x- > -x- RNP AR -x- > Flashcards

-x- RNP AR -x- Flashcards

1
Q

Which easyJet aircraft are currently certified for RNP-AR?

A

All A320 NEO and A321 NEO. A small number of A320 CEO as well

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2
Q

What accuracy can RNP AR be approved to?

A

According to aircraft equipment, may be approved to RNP 0.3 or RNP below 0.3

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3
Q

What is the lowest certified RNP?

A

RNP 0.1

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4
Q

How are RNP approaches labelled in LIDO?

A

RNP __ AR.

eg. RNP Y 12 (AR)

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5
Q

How are RNP approaches labelled in FMS?

A

RNV __.

eg. RNV12-Y

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6
Q

What do you need to check prior to departure if planning an RNP procedure?

A

AOC operational approval
Crew qualification - both completed training?
Aircraft technical status - see QRH Aircraft Confirguration Summary
MEL status to confirm enough equipment
GPS RAIM check

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7
Q

Below what RNP level should FMS GPS Prediction Page not be used?

A

Below RNP 0.15

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8
Q

Can you select an RNP minima below RNP0.3?

A

If published, you can consider selecting RNP AR minima below RNP 0.3 when expected weather conditions for the approach suggest so. By default, the RNP value coded in FMS is RNP 0.3. You can override this by manually entering a new RNP value

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9
Q

For RNP AR operations, why could you need to deselect NAVAIDS for a VOR/DME approach?

A

To avoid VOR/DME update if GPS primary is lost. Depending on the available navaids, this could be less accurate than pure inertial reference - typically when only a single VOR/DME exists or when poor VOR/DME geometry

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10
Q

What do you do if you want to deselect a navaid for RNP purposes, but want the navaid for support in a contingency procedure?

A

Deselect the navaid in the FMS, however tune the navaid in the RADNAV page for display only

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11
Q

What happens if TOO STEEP PATH is displayed after the final descent point in RNP AR operations?

A

FINAL APP guidance cannot be used

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12
Q

What are the main elements of the descent preparation in RNP AR operations?

A

Approach minimum - determine
Navaid deselection - as required
Weather and landing information - obtain
F-PLN A - check FMS lateral and vertical elements are in agreement with chart
PROG page - Insert reference waypoint or RWY threshold for monitoring
GO Around strategy - Discuss, including degraded naviation

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13
Q

What needs to be confirmed before the initial approach in RNP AR operations?

A

GPS Primary on both FMS
GPS 1+2 both in NAV - checked on GPS monitor page
BOTH GPS and BOTH FMS must be available
TERR on ND - ON on both sides, unless weather radar required on one side
RNP value on PROG page - CHECK/INSERT
BARO REF/ALTIMETER check - maximum altitude discrepancy between altimeters is 100ft

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14
Q

When is the latest opportunity to amend the RNP value?

A

Prior to the activation of APPR phase, latest when passing the IAF

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15
Q

Which conditions must be met in order to press the APPR pb for an RNP AR approach?

A

Cleared for the approach
FMS F-PLN sequenced so final descent point ahead of the aircraft
Aircraft established on vertical flight path (managed DES or ALT mode)
L/DEV scale displayed on the PFD

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16
Q

What needs to be checked after pressing the APPR push button in RNP AR operations?

A

APP NAV is armed or engaged
Final is armed
V/DEV scale on PFD
Final descent point blue arrow on ND indicated FINAL APP conditions are met

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17
Q

How many autopilots need to be engaged for RNP operations below 0.3?

A

One

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18
Q

On an RNP AR approach, what needs to be checked at the final descent point?

A

FINAL APP engaged
Go around altitude set
PROG page - monitor (Check/Confirm that correct RNP value (corresponding to associated minima and planned procedure) is displayed)
Flight Parameters - Monitor

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19
Q

Which parameters need to be monitored on an RNP approach?

A

L/DEV and V/DEV on PFD
XTK on ND
Distances and altitudes published on the charts

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20
Q

What are the PM deviation calls on an RNP AR approach?

A

L/DEV - over half dot

V/DEV - over half dot

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21
Q

How many feet does one dot correspond to on an RNP AR approach?

A

100ft, hence half a dot is 50ft

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22
Q

On an RNP AR approach, a go around must be initiated if excessive deviation occurs. What is classed as excessive deviation?

A

L/DEV reaches 1 RNP
V/DEV reaches 3/4 dot

On the vertical scale, one dot is 100ft, so 75ft = 3/4 dot

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23
Q

On an RNP AR approach, what calls relating to the minimum need to be monitored or announced?

A

100 above

Minimum

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24
Q

On an RNP AR approach, by when must the AP be disengaged?

A

At the latest, the MAP or minimum use height of the AP (250ft AGL for most aircraft in FINAL APP mode), whichever occurs first

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25
Q

On an RNP AR approach, why must you disregard the FD after the MAP?

A

Because it reverts to HDG V/S

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26
Q

On an RNP AR approach, can you continue below minima if visual references are lost?

A

No. A go around must be initiated if visual references are lost below minima

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27
Q

On an RNP AR approach, what would you do if there was a systems failure affecting the navigation capability of the aircraft prior to the IAF?

A

Discontinue the approach and refer to the RNP AR required equipment and reassess RNP AR capability

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28
Q

On an RNP AR approach, what would you do in the event of an engine failure?

A

Continuation is at the discretion of the CM1 considering flight path stability and weather conditions

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29
Q

On an RNP AR approach, what should you do with a failure affecting navigation above 1000ft?

A

Evaluate the effect of the system failure on flight guidance and navigation cabability. eg Loss of GPS primary on one FMS, use the AP associated with the GPS primary side

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30
Q

On an RNP AR approach, what should you do with a failure affecting navigation below 1000ft?

A

Go around, unless required visual reference has been obtained and can be maintained until landing

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31
Q

What contingency procedures may be needed following a go around on an RNP AR approach?

A

Crew shall immediately revert to laterally selected mode (HDG/TRK) when NAV guidance is not adequate

Contingency procedures in some cases will be specified in the CCI

Contingency for generic procedures normally follow standard missed approach, radar vectors or conventional navigation

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32
Q

What are some failures relating to navigation where an RNP AR approach may be continued?

A 
GPS (MMR)
FMGS
EFIS DU
MCDU
AP
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33
Q

What are some failures relating to navigation where RNP AP approach must be discontinued (unless visual references are sufficient)

A 
FINAL APP does not engage
GPS Primary lost on both NDs
Dual NAV ACCUR DOWNGRAD
FM/GPS POSITION DISAGREE
FMS1/FMS2 POS DIFF
Dual loss of FMGC or dual loss of FINAL APP
Dual AP failure if RNP <0.3
Loss of GPWS TERRAIN function in case of inconsistancies affecting obstacles or terrain computation
NAV ALT DISCREPANCY
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34
Q

What is the difference between RNAV and RNP?

A

Systems fundamentally similar, however RNP requires onboard performance monitoring and alerting

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35
Q

What is the difference between RNP and RNP AR?

A

RNP AR allows the addition of curved paths with RNP values <0.3

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36
Q

What is the lowest minima permitted by RNP operations? And RNP AR?

A

Both 250ft

37
Q

What does navigation specification mean?

A

Aircraft and pilot requirements needed within a defined airspace

38
Q

What are the enroute RNAV navigation specifications?

A

RNAV 10 and RNAV 5

39
Q

What are the terminal RNAV navigation specifications?

A

RNAV 1 and RNAV 2

40
Q

What are the RNP Enroute navigation specifications?

A

RNP 4

41
Q

What are the RNP terminal navigation specifications?

A

RNP 1

42
Q

What are the RNP approach and departure navigation specifications?

A

As specified in the chart

43
Q

How accurate is RNP-X?

A

Has an accuracy > Xnm 95% of the time

44
Q

What happens if EPE > RNP?

A

NAV ACCUR DOWNGRAD (displayed on ND and PROG)

45
Q

What does MMR stand for? What does it do?

A

Multi-mode receiver. It takes data from GPS and sends it to ADIRU

46
Q

What is the process for the data displayed on ND1?

A

GPS1 sends to MMR1, sends to ADIRU1. A hybrid IRS/GPS1 position calculated to FM1, giving FM1 position. FM1 position used by AP1 and displayed on ND1

47
Q

IRS/GPS1 information is sent to FM1. Where can you find information solely from GPS1?

A

Onside MCDU under GPS Monitor page

48
Q

Which GPS information is used for the terrain display on each display?

A

Both ND terrain displays come from GPS1

49
Q

What does RAIM stand for?

A

Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring

50
Q

How many satellites needed for fault detection and exclusion (FDE)?

A

Minimum 6

51
Q

How many satellites needed for fault detection (FD)?

A

Minimum 5

52
Q

Why is onboard RAIM not always reliable?

A

It has a mask angle of 5 degrees, so in a high-terrain environment, the onboard prediction tool may not be sufficient, as terrain may be masking satellite information

53
Q

How many satellites needed for GPS primary?

A

Minimum 5. Usually at least 6 will be available. If there is 5, and a short GPS outage, GPS Primary will still be available due to ADIRS

54
Q

What are ‘error budgets’ in RNP AR procedures?

A

Adequate lateral and vertical obstacle clearances

55
Q

What is path definition error (PDE)?

A

The gap between the trajectory displayed on the navigation charts and the lateral flight plan on the NDs. This error is negligible if correct quality processes are adhered to.

It is in both the lateral and vertical plane, representing difference between desired vertical path, desired lateral path, and actual path

56
Q

What is XTK? Where is it represented?

A

Deviation from the lateral flight plan. It is shown on the ND, at the bottom, depicted by the yellow aircraft being left or right of the intended flight plan. It may say something like 0.08R, which means aircraft is to the right of the desired track.

It is also represented on the PFD by the L/DEV

57
Q

How wide is the lateral obstacle clearance on RNP AR approach?

A

Twice the RNP value

58
Q

What is the operational limit of lateral deviation on RNP AR?

A

Equal to the RNP value

59
Q

What is the PM call for lateral deviation on RNP AR approach?

A

LAT-DEV

60
Q

When should PM call ‘LAT DEV’

A

During an RNP AR approach, when L/DEV is half a dot

61
Q

What is the PM call for vertical deviation on RNP AR approach?

A

V/DEV

62
Q

When should the PM call V/DEV?

A

Half dot on PFD scale

63
Q

How much does half a dot represent on vertical PFD scale on RNP AR approach?

A

50ft

64
Q

What contributes to the total vertical system error in RNP AR approaches?

A

Total vertical system error = Path defintion error + V/DEV + altimetry system error. No provision is made for altimeter setting errors

65
Q

What is the vertical error budget?

A

Provision to contain the vertical deviation due to vertical errors on an RNP AR approach. This vertical error budget remains above the obstacle clearance surface along the final approach path. This only applies to the final approach.

66
Q

What is the maximum permitted vertical deviation during final approach on RNP AR approach?

A

3/4 dot on the V/DEV scale. (75ft). This cannot be exceeded

67
Q

What are the operational limits vertically and laterally on an RNP AR approach?

A

Laterally, 1xRNP

Vertically, 75ft

68
Q

What are the obstacle limits vertically and laterally on an RNP AR approach?

A

Laterally 2xRNP

Vertically is vertical error budget

69
Q

If temperature is colder than ISA, is the aircraft higher or lower than expected?

A

Lower. FMS assumes ISA temperature and makes no compensation

70
Q

On an RNP AR approach, what must you do when heading ‘direct to’ a waypoint which is the beginning of a radius to fix leg?

A

Use ‘radial in’ function to avoid overshooting after the waypoint

71
Q

What are the main cautions when using direct to on an RNP AR approach?

A

Can only be done above MSA until established on F-PLN leg, and must use radial in function if direct to a waypoint preceeding a radius to fix (arc) leg

72
Q

What is the maximum angle of bank with AP engaged? Why is this a consideration on RNP AR approaches?

A

30 degrees. Strong winds may impact required turn radii

73
Q

When is autopilot use compulsary in RNP AR operations?

A

When RNP < 0.3

74
Q

Down to what RNP can we use the Augur RAIM prediction on the company iPad?

A

RNP 0.3

75
Q

Can you do an RNP AR approach in all weather conditions?

A

No, not in thunderstorms as deviation may not be possible to avoid weather due to terrain. Also careful consideration needs to be given to the wind effect on RF legs

76
Q

How do you deselect a navaid?

A

Data - Position monitor - Sel Navaids - deselect

77
Q

What is the decision to deselect navaids prior to an RNP AR procedure based on?

A

NOTAM and CCI guidance

78
Q

When can you not use FMS predictive GPS page for RNP operations?

A

When RNP < 0.3, or when operating around mountainous terrain due to the mask angle

79
Q

When preparing for an RNP approach, and checking the estimated nav accuracy, what else do you need to consider?

A

That the EPE is less than required FOR THE PROCEDURE, not currently required

80
Q

For RNP AR departures <0.3 when must the autopilot be engaged?

A

ASAP after 100ftRA

81
Q

For RNP AR departures what must you check when lined up on the runway?

A

That the L/DEV is centred

82
Q

When will altitude be shown in magenta on the PFD?

A

When a level segment is expected at that altitude

83
Q

When should you use LNAV minima? When should you use VNAV minima?

A

VNAV if temperature within limits. No temperature compensation required. LNAV if temperature is below limits, and temperature compensation needs to be applied

84
Q

What are the ‘blue arrow’ FINAL APP engagement conditions? What if these are not met?

A

X-track less than 1.5mn
Below ALT CSTR + 250ft
MCDU predictions exist
APP phase activated

If not met, arrow will be white

85
Q

How would you fly an RNAV Visual approach? What minima would you set?

A

AP can be used down to 250ft AGL. No minima set. The chart minima represents the weather required to commence the approach

86
Q

How do you know if we have authorisation for a specific RNP AR approach?

A

It will be noted in the CCI

87
Q

On an RNAV (GNSS) approach, what is the PM callout for excessive lateral deviation? When should it be said?

A

CROSS TRACK, when deviation > 0.1nm

88
Q

On an RNAV (GNSS) approach, what is the maximum permitted lateral deviation?

A

0.3nm

-x-A320 notes-x- (55 decks)

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