Worksheet 6-8 Flashcards
1
Q
vital process for plants to survive
A
Photosynthesis
2
Q
term for organisms that produce their own food
A
autotrophs
3
Q
how plants became autotrophs
A
photosynthetic process
4
Q
helps the reduction of carbon dioxide into carbohydrates and the oxidation of water to oxygen
A
light
5
Q
chemical equation of photosynthesis
A
CO2 + 2H2O -> (CH2O)n + O2
6
Q
process where green plants convert the radiant energy from the sun into chemical energy that is stored in food molecules
A
photosynthesis
7
Q
raw materials needed for photosynthesis
A
light
pigment
carbon dioxide
8
Q
what some microorganisms undergo
A
chemosynthesis
9
Q
how many mayana plants are used in the first procedure
A
2 mayana plants
10
Q
how long is one of the mayana plant placed in a dark place
A
48 hours
11
Q
the type of beaker that the two mayana leaves are placed to boil
A
50 ml beakers
12
Q
why are the leaves boiled
A
to remove pigment
13
Q
solution where the boiled leaves are placed
A
- 95% ethyl alcohol –
14
Q
where the beakers with ethyl alcohol is placed
A
- Water bath -
15
Q
property of ethyl alcohol that is why it is not advisable to boil under a direct flame
A
volatile and flammable
16
Q
added to the leaf once the leaf is finished boiling
A
iodine solution
17
Q
indication of starch
A
black color
18
Q
a leaf that is placed under sunlight will turn what due to the starch that was produced by photosynthesis
A
black
19
Q
the higher the light intensity
A
the faster the rate of photosynthesis
20
Q
changes in photosynthetic rate are measured through this
A
- Amount of oxygen produced in bubbles
21
Q
how many test tubes are prepared and labeled
A
5 test tubes
22
Q
are used to fill the 5 test tubes
A
1% NaHCO3 (sodium bicarbonate)
23
Q
submerged with the cut side up in the solution
A
5-8cm long Hydrilla sprig
24
Q
where is test tube A (hydrilla) placed
A
dark
25
how far is test tube B (hydrilla) placed
60cm
26
how far is test tube C (hydrilla) placed
90cm
27
how far is test tube D (hydrilla) placed
120cm
28
how far is test tube E (hydrilla) placed
150cm
29
used to determine the intensity at each distance from the light source
light meter
30
– time given for the plants to adapt
10 minutes
31
where the test tubes are placed to stand
500ml beaker
32
– total observation time of light intensity factor test
14 minutes
33
interval observation time of light intensity test
2 minutes
34
occurrence of photosynthesis in wavelengths observed in this
amount of bubbles produced
35
color of light in test tube A
white light
36
color of light in test tube B
red
37
color of light in test tube C
blue
38
color of light in test tube D
yellow
39
color of light in test tube E
green
40
used to cover the test tubes using the transparent scotch tape
cellophane
41
– distance of the test tubes from the light source
60 to 80cm
42
total time of counting of bubbles (wavelength test)
15 minutes
43
interval time of counting bubbles (wavelength test)
5 minutes
44
most effective wavelength
red and blue
45
most ineffective wavelength
yellow and green
46
amount of test tubes used and labelled in carbon dioxide test
3 test tubes
47
used to fill the test tubes, chemical indicator of pH
phenol red solution
48
phenol turns into this when in a basic solution
red
49
phenol turns into this when it is in an acidic solution
yellow
50
used to blow gently into test tubes A and B
straw
51
– are only the test tubes that will have air incorporated
test tubes a and b
52
– color of solution of test tubes A and B
pale orange
53
place into test tubes B and C
hydrilla sprig
54
– amount of time the test tubes are placed in bright light
2-3 hours
55
* Plants utilize what to undergo photosynthesis
carbon dioxide
56
made up of cells, are specialized structures that are grouped together to perform specific functions
tissues
57
tissues can be classified into
primary and secondary tissues
58
refers to increase in height
primary growth
59
increase in diameter and formation of woody structure
secondary growth
60
four types of plant tissues
meristem, dermal, ground fundamental, vascular
61
made up of tissues
organs
62
would have a root system
Flowering plant
63
used in the experiment
compound microscope
64
viewed microscopically to view dicot root and stem
helianthus sp
65
viewed microscopically to view dicot leaves
ixora sp
66
used to view monocot roots, stem, and leaves
zea mays
67
viewed under the microscope for roots
prepared slides of zea mays and helianthus sp root
68
viewed under the microscope for stem
prepared slides of zea mays and helianthus sp stem
69
viewed under the microscope for leaves
prepared slides of zea mays and ixora sp leaves
70
are viewed macroscopically
roots, stem, leaves
71
root modification of zea mays
adventitious
72
root modification of daucus carota
tap root
73
root modification of orchid
aerial
74
root modification of philohendron sp
aerial
75
stem modification of potato
tuber
76
stem modification of gabi
corm
77
stem modification of onion
bulb
78
stem modification of ginger
rhizome
79
stem modification of spider plant
stolon
80
stem modification of grass
runner
81
stem modification of lily bulb
scale
82
stem modification of cactus
phylloclades
83
stem modification of stick plant
thorns
84
stem modification of amplaya
tendrils
85
leaf modification of cactus
spines
86
leaf modification of bougainvilla
bracts
87
leaf modification of buntot tigre
storage
88
leaf modification of digman
leaf bladders
89
leaf modification of ampalaya
tendril
90
leaf modification of onion
scale
91
leaf modification of kataka
plantlets
92
leaf modification of kataka
plantlets
93
leaf modification of rose
tendril
94
leaf modification of makahiya
phyllode
95
leaf modification of kalamansi
tendril
96
reproductive organ of a plant, is needed for the sexual reproduction that involves the union of gametes
flower
97
where the fertilization of egg happens
embryonic plant
98
examples of external agents that help with the reproduction of plants
bees, butterflies, birds
99
– stores food for the embryonic plant and becomes the seed
ovule
100
– matures and becomes the fruit
ovary
101
develop mechanisms to facilitate seed dispersal
fruits
102
where sometimes fruits develop
accessory structures
103
– are developed because of absence of fertilization
fruits without seeds
104
mature seeds consist of (3)
seed coat
embryonic plant
nutrient reserve
105
can store the nutrient reserve or food
endosperm
106
seeds that have endosperm
endospermous/albuminous
107
seeds without endosperm
exendospermous/exalbuminous
108
flower that is cut into half
gumamela
109
type of microscope used in worksheet 9
compound microscope/dissecting microscope
110
modified leaves that encase the rest of the developing flower, may either be green and leaf-like or composed of petal-like tissue
sepals
111
collective term for sepals
calyx
112
modified leaves that serve to attract pollinators
petals
113
collective term for petals
corolla
114
consist of sac like anthers and filaments
stamen
115
support the anthers
filament
116
consist of two sacs, each of which composes the microsporangia
anthers
117
collective term for stamen and pollen
androecium
118
occurs in microspore mother cells in microsporangia
meiosis
119
produces microspores
microspore mother cell
120
becomes a pollen grain or microgametophyte
microspore
121
composed of carpels, which fuse to form the case of ovules
pistil
122
collective term for pistil and carpel
gynoecium
123
three regions of pistil
ovary
style
stigma
124
– where the ovules are found
ovary
125
where meiosis occurs in each ovule
megaspore
126
how many megaspore are produced in a mother cell
four megaspore
127
how many megaspore disintegrate, leaving a functional megaspore
three megaspore
128
divides mitotically to produce a embryo sac or megagametophyte
megaspore
129
chambers in the ovary
locules
130
stalk atop the ovary that elevates into a stigma
style
131
pattern of ovule attachment and distribution in an ovary
placentation
132
five basic types of placentation
basal
axial
parietal
free central
marginal
133
ovules are borne on the placentae on the central axis of a compound ovary
axile
134
has a single ovule that is almost at the base of the ovary
basal
135
ovule is borne along the fused margins of the placenta of a single ovary
marginal
136
ovules are borne on placentae on a free, central column within an ovary that has only one locule
free central
137
ovules are borne in placentae located on the inner surface of the outer wall of the ovary
parietal
138
type of cut that will be done to the Hibiscus sp. (gumamela)
longitudinal section
139
used to observe the longitudinal section of the hibiscus sp
dissecting microscope
140
observed in a microscope to see a lily plant's reproductive structures
lily ovary and anther
141
flowers can be characterized in terms of
completeness
symmetry
ovary position
perfect/imperfect
142
– flowers with four basic parts
complete flower
143
– flowers in which at least one part is absent
incomplete flower
144
flowers containing male and female parts
perfect flower
145
flowers containing just one sex to having no sexual part (sterile)
imperfect flower
146
female and male flowers are located on separate plants
dioecious
147
female and male flowers are located on the same plant
monoecious
148
flowers can occur singly or aggregate
inflorescence
149
based on a wheel plan, which is divisible on more than one axis into two equal halves that are mirror images of each other
radial symmetry
150
– the flower is distinctly divisible into right and left sides; that is divisible into mirror images on only one axis
bilateral symmetry
151
bilateral symmetry characterized by having two lips
bilabiate
152
bilateral symmetry characterized by corolla consisting of five petals
caesalpiniaceous
153
bilateral symmetry characterized by resemblance to orchids
orchidaceous
154
bilateral symmetry characterized by resemblance to butteflies
papilionaceous
155
flower with superior ovary is such that the stamens, petals, and sepals arise from a level below the base of the ovary
hypogynous
156
flower has a superior ovary, but the bases of the stamens, petals, and sepals develop as a flower cup around the pistil
perigynous
157
ovary is inferior because the stamen, petals, and sepals arise from a level that is above
epigynous
158
– are sunflowers, daisies, and chrysanthemums, composed of many small flowers (head/capitate)
flowers of composites (asteraceae family)
159
flowers of composites
asteraceae family
160
corolla looks like one petal, found on the outer edge of the head
ray flowers
161
corolla forms a tube of united or fused petals, found in the inner circle
disk flowers
162
including rice have flowers highly modified in comparison with the ones we have seen so far
flowers of the grasses (poaceae family)
163
– individual grass flower is enveloped by a pair of bracts or modified leaves
floret
164
outer and larger bract
lemma
165
inner and smaller bract
palea
166
encloses the stamen and pistil in the Poaecae family
palea
167
group of florets
spikelet
168
found in the base of each spikelet
glumes
169
group of spikelet makes up this
inflorescence
170
fruits can be classified on the following (2)
fruit origin
nature of pericarp
171
type of fruit origin (3)
simple
aggregate
multiple
172
derived from one ovary of one flower
simple
173
derived from several ovaries of one flower
aggregate
174
derived from a cluster of several ovaries from several flowers crowded together on one stem
multiple
175
pericarp is fleshy throughout
berry
176
type of berry with a hard rind
pepo
177
type of berry with a leathery rind
hesperidium
178
one-seeded fruit with pericarp distinctly divided into skin-like exocarp, thick fleshy mesocarp, and hard-stony endocarp
drupe
179
– fruit with a papery pericarp
pome
180
split open along definite seams when matured and may contain
dehiscent fruits
181
has one carpel and split along two seams
legume/pod
182
has one carpel and split along one seam
follicle
183
fruit of two or more united carpels and split in a variety of ways
capsule
184
– fruit of two fused carpels that separate, leaving a persistent wall between them
silique
185
do not open along definite seams or points when mature. These usually contain only one or two seeds
indehiscent fruits
186
one seed can be separated from the ovary wall except at the point of attachment to the inside of pericarp
achene
187
one seeded the coat of which is completely fused to the inner surface of the pericarp
grain
188
an achene-like fruit with wing-like outgrowth
samara
189
one seeded fruit similar to achene but with a very hard and thick pericarp
nut
190
essentially without endosperm at maturity
bean seed
191
produces the seed is the fruit of the bean plant
* bean pod
192
– outer covering of the seat
seed coat
193
small elliptical scar along the concave edge of the seed, makes the point of attachment of the young seed to the ovary
hilium
194
small hole at the end of the seed
micropyle
195
– small groove extending to the chalaza at the end of the hilium
raphe
196
point where integuments are attached to the ovule
chalaza
197
structure found within the seed
embryo
198
two fleshy structures which constitute most of the volume of the seed
cotyledons
199
embryo is made up of (2)
miniature leaves
small axis
200
represent the epicotyl (embryo)
miniature leaves
201
represent the hypocotyl
little axis
202
its external covering is the wall of the ovary or the pericarp
corn seed
203
can be considered as a fruit as well
corn seed
204
bulk of the interior tissue
endosperm
205
– cotyledon in the corn is also known as
scutellum
206
covers the radicle of the seed in corns
coleorhiza
207
covers the epicotyl of the seed in corns
coleoptile
208
in these, the cotyledon is reduced to a small mass of tissue, which never assumes the shape or function of a photosynthetic leaf on a developing seedling
moncots
