Reproductive Structures Pt. 2 Flashcards
Protective structures that reduce evaporation of wfater
seed coat
Protect from attack of fungi and insects
seed coat
Often render seed resistant to unfavorable external temperatures and mechanical forces
seed coat
region of the seed coat
testa
tegmen
the outer, thicker usually hard covering of the seed
testa
miniature plant of the seed, most important part of the seed
embryo
part of the embryo
cotyledon
epicotyl
hypocotyl
food storage organs which digest and absorbs food from the endosperm
cotyledon
portion above the point of attachment of the cotyledons, which becomes the shoot system upon germination
epicotyl
portion below the point of attachment of the cotyledons; which becomes the root system upon germination;
hypocotyl
growing tip of the seed
radicle
nutritive tissue formed within the embryo sac of seed plants
endosperm
Often consumed as the seed germinates and matures
endosperm
Have 3n chromosome number
endosperm
what is formed from the fusion of three nuclei in endosperm
2 polar nuclei and a sperm nucleus
Stores starch, proteins, and oils as food
endosperm
what happens to the embryo in seed germination
swells
what happens to the seed coat in seed germination
ruptures
what is the first to emerge in seed germination
radicle
what emerges next after the radicle
epicotyl
what can happen to the cotyledon when a seed germinates
remain in the soil
or carried upward by the epicotyl
may persist on the seedling and become green leaf-like food making organs or may wither and fall shortly after germination when the reserved food are depleted
cotyledon
label the monocot seed germination
grade your score accordingly
label the dicot seed germination
grade your score accordingly
external factors required for germination
temperature
moisture
oxygen
food supply
light
soil acidity
carbon dioxide
internal factors required for germination
hormones
completion of dormancy
amount of stored food
viability
classify if it is a monocot or dicot: vascular cylinder is at the core of the root
dicot
classify if it is a monocot or dicot: \pith is at the core of the root
monocot
majority have bulliform cells
monocots
majority do not have motor and bulliform cells
dicot
guard cells, aerenchyma, and chlorenchyma
leaves
guard cells and aerenchyma
stems
no guard cells, aerenchyma, chlorenchyma
roots
classify if it is a monocot or dicot: leaf mesophyll is divided into palisade and spongy leaves
dicot
classify if it is a monocot or dicot: undifferentiated leaf mesophyll
monocot
classify if it is a monocot or dicot: scattered arrangement of vascular bundles in stem
monocot
classify if it is a monocot or dicot: radially placed vascular bundles in stem
dicot
in a root tip, this functions as a reservoir to replace dmaaged cells of the meristem
quiescent center
include the vascular cambium and porrtions of shoot and root apices
meristematic tissues
in a root tip, this is composed of densely, undifferentiated meristematic cells
region of division
classify if it is a monocot or dicot: with vascular cambium
dicot
a flower in which the floral parts are inserted below the ovary
hypogynous
have thin walls and large nuclei
meristematic tissue
include the pith and cortex of stem, the mesophyll of the leaf, and the major portion of fruits
fundamental tissues
dry indehiscent fruits with a hard and thick pericarp and a cap at its base
nuts
match the description to the plant group: sporophyte and gametophyte are both independent
ferns and allies
match the description to the plant group: gametophytes in flowers
angiosperms
match the description to the plant group: gametophytes in cones
gymnosperms
match the description to the plant group: has a dominant gametophyte
bryophytes
taproot system
dicot
buttress, pneumatophores, nodules
roots
when a monocot such as corn germinates, the initial shoot is protected by _____ while the initial root is called the ___
coleoptile, radicle
cluster of inflorescence that is a a deciduous, pendent, or erect spine-like inflorescence comprised of unisexual, apetalous flowers, found on many kinds of trees
Catkin
cluster of inflorescence that is a flat-topped indeterminate inflorescence in which the lower pedicels become progressively elongate, and the rachis shortened, blooms from the edge towards the center; can be compound with several corymb-like clusters to each pedicel,
corymb
cluster of inflorescence that is a determinate inflorescence in which the terminate flower is older than the subtending lateral flowers, like a corymb but the major difference is that it blooms from the center toward the edges and the main stalk is always terminated by a flower; can be compound
cyme
an indeterminate dense cluster of sessile flowers on a single receptacle; some heads consists of only ray flowers or only disc flowers
head or capilutum
an indeterminate inflorescence comprised of two or more flowers on each pedicel, arranged alternately on a branched stalk; can be compound
panicle
an indeterminate inflorescence with single flowers on short pedicels arranged alternately along the rachis
raceme
single flower at the end of the peduncle
solitary
a thick, fleshy, spike like inflorescence, usually of imperfect flower and subtended by a large bract called spathe; sometimes spathe is showy and brightly colored
spadix
an indeterminate inflorescence with sessile flowers arranged alternately along the rachis
spike
an indeterminate, generally flat-topped or orbicular inflorescence with equal length pedicels arising from a single point at the end of the rachis; can be compound with branched stalk
simple umbel
an inflorescence with the flower in whorls at the node
verticil
