Protein Synthesis Flashcards
instructions to make proteins, contains gene
DNA
continuous string of nucleotides containing the region that codes for an RNA molecule
Gene
two regions of the gene
promotor, terminator
contain regulatory sequences near the promotor
gene
encoded RNA is used to synthesize a protein
gene expression
two processes of gene expression
transcription and translation
occurs in the nucleus, DNA is used as a template to make mRNA
transcription
aids the DNA to make an mRNA
RNA polymerase
transcription has three stages
initiation, elongation, termination
promoter region functions as a recognition site for RNA polymerase to bind which causes the DNA double helix to unwind and open
initiation
RNA polymerase slides along the template DNA strand
elongation
links nucleotides to the 3’ end
RNA polymerase
mRNA transcript is complete
termination
example of terpenes
plastoquinone
example of phospholipids
phosphoglycerides
examples of glycolipids
glycophingolipids
occurs in the cytoplasm mRNA is used to make a polypeptide
translation
regions that code for protein
exons
noncoding sections (need to be removed for translation)
introns
added to remove introns
5’ cap and 3’ tail
performed to remove the intron segments and join the adjacent exons
intron spilicing
which substance perform intron splicing
spliceosome
group of three letter codes of nitrogenous bases
codons
start codon
AUG (Methathione)
end codon
UAG, UAA, UGA
what kind of RNA begins translation
mRNA
its anticodon sequence determines the type of amino acids
tRNA
three distinct regions in the large ribosomal unit
E, P, A regions
the entrance region
A region
transfer region
P region
exit region
E region
binds into the a-site
release factor
released from the tRNA in the p site
polypeptide
which nitrogenous base is linked by 2 hydrogen bonds
Adenine Thymine
which nitrogenous base is linked by 3 hydrogen bonds
Guanine Cytosine
