Plant Reproductive Structures Flashcards
hibiscus plant that are found in our garden
Hibiscus rosa sinensis L
hibiscus species that is brewed as iced-shaken teas sold in coffee shops
H. sabdariffa L.
most commonly used species in laboratories due to their size, completeness, distinguishable parts
flowers
a typical flower is composed of four major plant organs
sepals
petals
stamens
pistils
flowers can be:
solitary in nature
bloom as cluster of flower
collective term of flower clusters
inflorescence
outermost floral organ of a complete flower
sepals
group of sepals
calyx
protectrs the developing floral bud
calyx
refer to the flower diagram in your notes, label the parts
grade yourself accordingly
show various colors to attract pollinators
petal
collective term for petals
corolla
used to mention both corolla and calyx at the same time
perianth
floral organs that are considered as the fertile parts of the flower
pistil and stamen
male reproductive part of the flower
stamen
parts that make up the stamen
anther
filament
hold the anther towards the flower body
filament
produce the pollen grains or microsporocytes
anther
collective group for a group of stamens
androecium
female reproductive parts of a flower
pistils
receptors of pollens, found and exposed usually in the center of the flower
stigma
stalk that would connect the stigma to the ovary, passage way of pollen tube and sperm cells released by pollen grains
style
site where megaspores were produced
ovary
tissue inside the ovary
placenta
small globule structures embedded in placenta
ovule
variation in floral structures
completeness
ovary position
symmetry
sex expressions
variation of flowers where the four major organs are present
complete flowers
variation of flowers where one or more floral organs are missing
incomplete flowers
ovary position where the perianth is inserted at the bottom or basal part of the ovary
hypogynous
the perianth is inserted at the apical or on top of the ovary
epigynous
variation of flowers characterized by the corolla being cut across different planes, they would still have the same shape and sizes
radial/actinomorphic/regular
variation of flowers characterized by the corolla being cut across different planes, they would have different sizes and shapes
bilateral/zygomorphic/irregular
variation of flowers characterized by having both stamens and pistils in the individual flower
bisexual/perfect flower
variation of flowers characterized by having only one reproductive part on the individual flower
unisexual/imperfect flower
individual flowers born on this plant would have different sex expressions
monoecious plant
individual flowers would only show one sex expression
dioecious plant
papaya plants not bearing fruits because they are all
male
are mature ovaries
fruits
will sometimes fall off when the ovary enlarges
perianth
the fruit wall, what the ovary will become
pericarp
outermost skin of the fruit, usually the one peeling off
exocarp
fleshy part of the fruit
mesocarp
sometimes stony or very hard, the inner tissues
endocarp
seeds of the plant
ovules
different classification of fruits
simple fruit
aggregate fruit
multiple fruit
accessory fruit
develops from a single carpel for several fused carpels of one flower
simple fruits
develops from many separate carpels of one flower
aggregate fruit
develops from many carpels of many flowers that form an inflorescence
multiple fruit
develops largely from tissues other than the ovary
accessory fruit
simple fruits that would become succulent/fleshy at maturity
fleshy fruit
fruits with homogenous pericarp, means that the fruit skin or exocarp up to its endocarp, all of its structures are fleshy
berry
also similar to berries, but it has a leathery pericarp or exocarp
hesperidium
would have or many seeded fruits derived from a simple pistil
berry
would have distinct partitions or separations/divisions when you do a cross section
hesperidium
these are berries with an extremely hard rind in maturity
pepo
simple fruits with a hard, stony endocarp
drupe
would have a cartilaginous endocarp, and sometimes would fuse with the receptacle
pome
fruits that would become dry at maturity
dry fruits
dry fruits that will not form any sutures or will not split at maturity
dry indehiscent
form wing-like appendages to help in its dispersal
samara
seed is attached to one particular point of the pericarp only, would form hairs or tufts aiding in their disposal, from the inferior ovary
cypsela
dry fruit that would have a fused pericarp, and sometimes indistinguishable
grain or caryopsis
like cypsela, without the hairs and originates from a superior ovary
achene
dry fruit that would not split at matury, would have a very hard pericarp
nut
scientific name of tomato
solanum lycopersicum
scientific name of squash
cucurbita maxima
scientific name of pili
canarium ovatum
scientific name of mango
mangifera indica
scientific name of apple
malus domestica
dry fruits that would have openings or slits along the suture of the fruit wall
dry dehiscent
are dy fruit that would have one opened suture to release the seeds, this fruit type is derived from one carpel
follicle
derived from two carpels, at maturity it will form two openings to release the seeds
legume or pod
derived from two splitting on two sides, it will leave a thin partition wall in the middle where the seeds are attached
silique
derived from one or more fused carpels, would have different forms and location of dehiscence or spltting/openings
capsule
fruits derived from two ovaries or more
compound
aggregate fruits are derived from a single flower with multiple ovaries/carpels
aggregate fruit
derived from several flowers that would fuse as one unit
multiple fruit
walls or integuments of the ovules will form into this
seed coat/testa
union of the first sperm cell (released by pollen/haploid) and egg cell (inside the ovules/haploid)
first fertilization
union of the second sperm cell and 2 polar nuclei of the ovule
second fertilization
will create the endosperm that will serve as food reserves
second fertilization
seeds that would store their food reserves in endosperms
albuminous/endospermous
seeds with little to no food reserves
exalbuminous/nonendospermous
enumerate fleshy fruits
berry
hesperidium
pome
pepo
drupe
enumerate dry fruits
dry indehiscent
dry dehiscent
enumerate dry indehiscent fruits
samara
cypsela
grain/caryopsis
achene
nut
enumerate dry dehiscent fruits
follicle
legume
silique
capsule
main food reserves that are stored in cotyledons
cotylespermous
embryo of angiosperms can be these
monocot or dicot
have two cotyledons
dicot
only one cotyledons
monocot
referring to the embryo (IS)
immature sporophyte
immature and embryonic shoot
epicotyl
transition zone between the root and epicotyl
hypocotyl
first leaf/leaves that would function for food storage
cotyledons
immature root
radicle
largest of most successful group of plants
angiosperms
can reproduce both sexually and asexually
angiosperms
reproductive shoots of angiosperms
flowers
petals, sepals, ad stamens on the rim of hypanthium
perigynous
mature ovary, surrounds and protects the enclosed seeds, aids in seed dispersal
fruits
label the part of the fruits in your notes
grade your score accordingly
label the parts of the ovule and the seed in your notes
grade your score accordingly
mature ovule, small embryonic plant enclosed in a covering usually with stored food
seeds
completes the process of reproduction in seed plants
formation of seeds
as seed matures, it dehydrates and enters a phase referred to as dormanccy
seed germination
depends on the physical process call imbibation
seed germination
uptake of water due to low water potential of the dry seed
imbibition
first organ to emerge from the germinating seed
radicle
what forms in the hypocotyl in eudicots
hook
use a different method from breaking ground when they germinate
moncots
pushes upward through the soil and air
coleoptile
types of seed dispersal
wind dispersal
water dispersal
animal dispersal
explosion dispersal
part of sexual reproduction unique to angosperms
fruit
develops from a fertilized ovary, protects the enclosed seeds, and aids in seed dispersal, widely utilized as a food source
fruit
functions of a fruits
surround and protect the enclosed seeds
aids in seed dispersal by wind or animals
simple fleshy fruit where all or most of its pericarp are fleshy
berry
berry with hard, thick rind
pepo
berry with leathery rind
hesperidium
seed enclosed within a stony endocarp (pit)
drupe
accessory fruit with thick hypanthium
pome
dry dehiscent fruit composed of one carpel
legume
dry dehiscent fruit composed of two carpels separated by a seed-bearing septum
silique
composed of several fused carpels
capsule
one carpel that splits along one seam
follicle
small, one-seeded fruit pericarp free from seed coat (indehiscent dry fruit) inferior ovary
achene
one-seeded fruit, pericarp fused with seed caot
grain or caryopsis
one-seeded winged achene
samara
one-seeded fruit with hard pericarp
nut
many ovaries from a single flower
aggregate fruits
many ovaries from many individual flowers
multiple fruits
