Photosynthesis Summary

Question 1

produces carbohydrates, release oxygen, both of which are used by majority of living things

Answer 1

photosynthesis

Question 2

example of organisms that carry on photosynthesis

Answer 2

cyanobacteria
land plants
algae

Question 3

where photosynthesis takes place, bounded by a double membrane

Answer 3

chloroplasts

Question 4

two main components of chloroplasts

Answer 4

semi-fluid stroma
membranous grana (made up of thylakoids)

Question 5

overall reaction of photosynthesis

Answer 5

redox reaction

Question 6

what happens to CO2 and H2O in photosynthesis

Answer 6

CO2 = reduced
H2O = oxidized

Question 7

where light reaction takes place

Answer 7

thylakoid

Question 8

where calvin cycle reactions take place

Answer 8

stroma

Question 9

range where photosynthesis use light energy

Answer 9

visible-light range

Question 10

absorb violet, blue, and red wavelengths best

Answer 10

chlorophyll a and b

Question 11

color of chlorophyll because it reflects this color

Answer 11

green

Question 12

absorb light in the violet-blue-green range and are yellow to orange pigments

Answer 12

carotenoid

Question 13

begins when solar energy enters PS II

Answer 13

noncyclic pathway

Question 14

energized electrons are picked up by electron acceptors and reaction centers

Answer 14

PS II

Question 15

replaces these electrons in the reaction-center chlorophyll a molecules

Answer 15

oxidation of water

Question 16

what happens when water is oxidized

Answer 16

O2 is released
H remains in the thylakoid space

Question 17

electron acceptor molecule passes the electrons to this by ETC

Answer 17

PS I

Question 18

energized electrons are received by this after solar energy is absorbed by PS I and leave

Answer 18

NADP

Question 19

NADP + H from the stroma

Answer 19

NADPH

Question 20

requires an organized membrane, process of producing ATP using a chemical gradient

Answer 20

chemiosmosis

Question 21

associated with an enzyme that oxidizes water

Answer 21

PS II

Question 22

transport electrons and pump H

Answer 22

cytochrome complexes

Question 23

associated with an enzyme that reduces NADP

Answer 23

PS I

Question 24

produces ATP

Answer 24

ATP synthase

Question 25

allows carriers to pump H to the thylakoid space

Answer 25

energy from passage of electrons

Question 26

H buildup establishes this

Answer 26

electrochemical gradient

Question 27

present in ATP complexes where H flows down this gradient

Answer 27

channel

Question 28

material that synthesizes ATP through chemiosmosis

Answer 28

ADP + P

Question 29

where the energy yield of the light reaction are stored

Answer 29

ATP and NADPH

Question 30

molecules used by the Calvin cycle to reduce CO2 to carbohydrate

Answer 30

G3P

Question 31

produced after CO2 is fixed and split into two C3 molecules

Answer 31

6 carbon molcule

Question 32

second stage of calvin cycle reactions where NADPHand ATP is required

Answer 32

CO2 reduction

Question 33

net gain is one G3P molecule for this much turns of Calvin cycle

Answer 33

3 turns of Calvin cycle

Question 34

used to reform three molecules of RuBP, also requiring ATP

Answer 34

other five G3P molecules

Question 35

in these plants, PEPcase fixes carbon dioxide to PEP to form a 4-carbon molecule

Answer 35

C4 plants (oxaloacetate)

Question 36

stomata are only open at night, conserving water

Answer 36

CAM plants

Question 37

fixes CO2 to PEP only at night

Answer 37

PEPcase

Question 38

CO2 fixation happens when in CAM plants

Answer 38

night

Question 39

Calvin cycle happens when in CAM plants

Answer 39

day