Photosynthesis Summary Flashcards
produces carbohydrates, release oxygen, both of which are used by majority of living things
photosynthesis
example of organisms that carry on photosynthesis
cyanobacteria
land plants
algae
where photosynthesis takes place, bounded by a double membrane
chloroplasts
two main components of chloroplasts
semi-fluid stroma
membranous grana (made up of thylakoids)
overall reaction of photosynthesis
redox reaction
what happens to CO2 and H2O in photosynthesis
CO2 = reduced
H2O = oxidized
where light reaction takes place
thylakoid
where calvin cycle reactions take place
stroma
range where photosynthesis use light energy
visible-light range
absorb violet, blue, and red wavelengths best
chlorophyll a and b
color of chlorophyll because it reflects this color
green
absorb light in the violet-blue-green range and are yellow to orange pigments
carotenoid
begins when solar energy enters PS II
noncyclic pathway
energized electrons are picked up by electron acceptors and reaction centers
PS II
replaces these electrons in the reaction-center chlorophyll a molecules
oxidation of water
what happens when water is oxidized
O2 is released
H remains in the thylakoid space
electron acceptor molecule passes the electrons to this by ETC
PS I
energized electrons are received by this after solar energy is absorbed by PS I and leave
NADP
NADP + H from the stroma
NADPH
requires an organized membrane, process of producing ATP using a chemical gradient
chemiosmosis
associated with an enzyme that oxidizes water
PS II
transport electrons and pump H
cytochrome complexes
associated with an enzyme that reduces NADP
PS I
produces ATP
ATP synthase
allows carriers to pump H to the thylakoid space
energy from passage of electrons
H buildup establishes this
electrochemical gradient
present in ATP complexes where H flows down this gradient
channel
material that synthesizes ATP through chemiosmosis
ADP + P
where the energy yield of the light reaction are stored
ATP and NADPH
molecules used by the Calvin cycle to reduce CO2 to carbohydrate
G3P
produced after CO2 is fixed and split into two C3 molecules
6 carbon molcule
second stage of calvin cycle reactions where NADPHand ATP is required
CO2 reduction
net gain is one G3P molecule for this much turns of Calvin cycle
3 turns of Calvin cycle
used to reform three molecules of RuBP, also requiring ATP
other five G3P molecules
in these plants, PEPcase fixes carbon dioxide to PEP to form a 4-carbon molecule
C4 plants (oxaloacetate)
stomata are only open at night, conserving water
CAM plants
fixes CO2 to PEP only at night
PEPcase
CO2 fixation happens when in CAM plants
night
Calvin cycle happens when in CAM plants
day
