Reproductive Structures Flashcards
1
Q
vascular cambium produces how many layers of xylem and phloem
A
8-10 layers of xylem
1-2 layers of phloem
2
Q
after a year of growth what forms
A
additional layer of xylem and phloem
3
Q
after two years of growth what forms
A
two layers of xylem (secondary 1 and 2)
phloem is not distinguished
4
Q
after three years of growth what forms
A
three xylem layers (1 primary, 2 secondaries)
youngest is near to the vascular cambium
5
Q
can be differentiated by the size of the cells
A
summer wood/spring wood
6
Q
what type of wood is smaller
A
summer dry season wood
7
Q
what type of wood is large
A
spring wood/wet season
8
Q
makes up the x-section of a tree
A
secondary xylem layers
9
Q
tissues that cells are dividing, producing layers of cork
A
cork cambium
10
Q
made up of periderm and living phloem
A
bark
11
Q
removal of bark to kill large trees enroaching on a habitat
A
girdling
12
Q
modified stems examples that are above ground
A
stolons/runners
tendrils.twining shoots
thorns
succulent stems
13
Q
modified stems that are below ground
A
bulb
rhizomes
corms
stem tubers
14
Q
also called bulliform cells
A
motor cells
15
Q
important in the protection against desiccation
A
motor cells
16
Q
plants that lose water and cause the unfolding of the eleaves
A
motor cells
17
Q
stomata in dicot leaves
A
hypostomatic (bottom)
18
Q
stomata in monocot leaves
A
amphistomatic (either flow)
19
Q
bulliform in monocot leaves
A
present in some
20
Q
bulliform in monocot leaves
A
present in upper epidermis
21
Q
mesophyll in dicot leaves
A
differentiated into palisade and spongy
22
Q
mesophyll in monooct leaves
A
undifferentiated
23
Q
examples of modified leaves
A
spines
bracts
tendrils
window leaves
succulent
insect trapping
24
Q
attract pollinators to small flowers
A
bracts
25
can either be modified stem or leaves
tendrils
26
highly specialized shoot for sexual reproduction
flower
27
flower facilitates the important events of the process which also refers to gamete formation
meiosis
28
flower facilitates the important events of the process which also refers to fusion
fertilization
29
not affected by environmental factors thus used as a tool for angiosperms classification
flowers
30
essential parts of a flower
stamen and pistil
31
male reproductive structure of the flower which produces the pollen
stamen
32
stamens of a single flower
andorecium
33
parts of a stamen
anther
pollen sacs
filament
34
large terminal portion containing pollen sacs
anther
35
cavities of the anther where pollen grains are formed
pollen sacs
36
stalk of the anther
filament
37
the female reproductive structure of a flower, composed of one or more carpels
pistil
38
pistils of a single flower
gynoecium
39
parts of a pistil
ovary
ovule
stigma
style
40
enlarged basal portion containing the ovule
ovary
41
cavities in the ovary containing the egg cell, attached to the ovary
ovule
42
terminal sticky portion of the pistil
stigma
43
long slender structure connecting the ovary to the stigma
style
44
label the parts of a generalized solitary flower
grade your score accordingly
45
label the parts of a generalized composite flower
grade your score accordingly
46
accesory parts of a flower
perianth
receptacle
peduncle
47
has frond (containing spores)
fern
48
thin, expanded structures surrounding the essential parts of the flower
perianth
49
composed of corolla and calyx
perianth
50
interior part of the perianth that is attached to the calyx
petal
51
usually conspicuously colored
petals
52
petals of a single flower
corolla
53
exterior part of the perianth, the outermost parts of the flower
sepal
54
pedicel vs peduncle
pedicel (inflorescence)
peduncle (solitary)
55
outermost part of the plant
calyx (sepal)
56
2nd outermost part of the plant
petals
57
3rd whorl of the plant
stamen
58
4th whorl of the plant
pistil
59
body cavity
coelom
60
sepals of a single flower
calyx
61
the region of the floral shoot where the parts of the flower are attached, the floral base
receptacle
62
the stalk of the flower in an inflorescence
peduncle
63
types of flowers can be described in: (8 items)
essential parts
distribution of unisexual flowers
floral parts
shape or form
number of flowers in a stalk
degree of fusion or floral parts
position of the ovary
cluster or inflorescence
64
both have stamen and pistil
perfect (bisexual)
65
only one reproductive structure
imperfect (unisexual)
66
flowers without pistils
staminate
67
flowers without stamens
pistilate
68
pistil vs carpel
3 carpels = 1 pistil
69
arrange the following
gynoecium
pistil
carpel
carpel -> pistil -> gynoecium
70
when both staminate and pistilate flowers are borne on the same plants
monoecious
71
when staminate are borne by one plant and pistilate by another plant
dioecious
72
if all the four floral sets, corolla, calyx, stamens and pistils, are present in one flower
complete flower
73
if one or more of the floral sets are absent in a flower
incomplete
74
a single flower at the end of the peduncle
solitary
75
a group of many small flowers arranged to give the appearance of a single flower, composed of ray flowers and disc flowers
composite
76
frequently sterile or pistilate and have large bilateral corollas (composite flowers)
ray flowers
77
(composite flowers) generally complete and with small radial corollas
disc flowers
78
when parts of each floral set is of the same shape and size, exhibits radial symmetry
regular
79
when some parts of one or more floral sets differ in shape or size from other parts of the same floral sets
irregular
80
parts of the same floral set fused together
connotation
81
parts of another floral set fused together
adnation
82
sepals, petals, and stamens are attached to the receptacle under the superior ovary
hypogynous flower
83
the pistil is sunken into the receptacle with sepals, petals, and stamens are attached above the inferior ovary
epigynous flower
84
the pistil is in the bottom of a concave receptacle to the edges of which sepals, petals, and stamens are attached in line with half-superior and half superior ovary
perigynous flower
85
corn plants are what (monoecious/dioecious)
monoecious
86
developed from the integument of the ovary
fruit wall
87
also called the pericarp
fruit wall
88
enclosing the seed and help in its dispersal
fruit wall
89
three distinct layers of the fruit wall
exocarp
mesocarp
endocarp
90
the outer layer of the fruit wall usually forms the skin of the fruit
exocarp
91
the middle layer of the fruit wall usually the edible fleshy portion
mesocarp
92
the inner layer of the fruit usually the hard shell around the seed
endocarp
93
form single ovary of a single flower, e.g. tomatoes, mangoes, oranges, watermelons, coconuts, apples
simple fruits
94
types of fruits characterized by:
composition or structure
as to consistency
95
form several ovaries of a single flower, e.g. atis, guyabano (sour sop), strawberries
aggregate fruits
96
form ovaries of several flowers borne close together on a common axis, e.g. pineapples, jackfruit, durian
multiple or collective fruit
97
soft and pulpy at maturity
fleshy fruits
98
`derived from a simple or compound ovary; contains one to many seeds; most of the pericarp is fleshy, e.g. tomatoes
berry
99
modified berry with a separable leathery rind composed of exocarp and mesocarp, endocarp is fleshy, e.g. oranges
hesperidium
100
modified berry with an inseparable rigid rind composed of the exocarp, mesocarp, and endocarp form the flesh, e.g. cucumber, watermelon
pepo
101
thin skin (exocarp) surrounds fleshy or fibrous mesocarp, endocarp at center forms a stony wall around the seed, e.g. coconut, peach, almond, cherry, mango
drupe
102
dry and hard or papery at maturity, split open along one or more sutures or seams
dehiscent fruits
103
forms a single carpel, split open along the margin
follicle
104
forms from a single carpel, split open along two margins
legume
105
forms from superior ovary with two locules, at maturity, pericarp separates into three portions
silique
106
form from two or more fused carpels, splits open along multiple seams, or form pores, or forms a lid-like cap that falls off
capsules
107
do not split by definite seam or pores at maturity
dry indehiscent fruits
108
single-seeded fruit in which seed is attached to pericarp at only one point, e.g. sunflower, dandelion, cosmos
achene
109
winged achene, e.g. narra, apitong, palosanto, maple
samara
110
fruit consisting of two carpels that split into two-seeded halves, e.g. carrot, celery, makahiya, parsley
schizocarp
111
single-seeded fruit in which seed is completely fused to thepericarp, e.g. corn, wheat, rice, oat, barley
grain/caryopsis
112
single-seeded fruit derived from compound ovary, possesses a hard pericarp, e.g. pili, macadamia, hazelnut, walnut, cashew
nut
113
the pome fruit in which the flesh derived from the which tissue
receptacle tissue
114
the drupe and berry fruit the pome fruit in which the flesh derived from the which tissue
ovarian tissue
115
eondcarp hard and stony; ovary single seeded
drupe
116
endocarp fleshy and slimy, many seeded
berry
117
two types of berry
hesperidium
pepo
118
the enlarged matured ovule containing the embryo and stored nutrient, the endosperm
seed
119
identify if the food is fruit or vegetable in your notebook
grade your score accordingly
120
structure of the seed
seed coat
embryo
endosperm
121
outer covering of a seed from the integuments of the ovule
seed coat
