Reproductive Structures Flashcards
vascular cambium produces how many layers of xylem and phloem
8-10 layers of xylem
1-2 layers of phloem
after a year of growth what forms
additional layer of xylem and phloem
after two years of growth what forms
two layers of xylem (secondary 1 and 2)
phloem is not distinguished
after three years of growth what forms
three xylem layers (1 primary, 2 secondaries)
youngest is near to the vascular cambium
can be differentiated by the size of the cells
summer wood/spring wood
what type of wood is smaller
summer dry season wood
what type of wood is large
spring wood/wet season
makes up the x-section of a tree
secondary xylem layers
tissues that cells are dividing, producing layers of cork
cork cambium
made up of periderm and living phloem
bark
removal of bark to kill large trees enroaching on a habitat
girdling
modified stems examples that are above ground
stolons/runners
tendrils.twining shoots
thorns
succulent stems
modified stems that are below ground
bulb
rhizomes
corms
stem tubers
also called bulliform cells
motor cells
important in the protection against desiccation
motor cells
plants that lose water and cause the unfolding of the eleaves
motor cells
stomata in dicot leaves
hypostomatic (bottom)
stomata in monocot leaves
amphistomatic (either flow)
bulliform in monocot leaves
present in some
bulliform in monocot leaves
present in upper epidermis
mesophyll in dicot leaves
differentiated into palisade and spongy
mesophyll in monooct leaves
undifferentiated
examples of modified leaves
spines
bracts
tendrils
window leaves
succulent
insect trapping
attract pollinators to small flowers
bracts
can either be modified stem or leaves
tendrils
highly specialized shoot for sexual reproduction
flower
flower facilitates the important events of the process which also refers to gamete formation
meiosis
flower facilitates the important events of the process which also refers to fusion
fertilization
not affected by environmental factors thus used as a tool for angiosperms classification
flowers
essential parts of a flower
stamen and pistil
male reproductive structure of the flower which produces the pollen
stamen
stamens of a single flower
andorecium
parts of a stamen
anther
pollen sacs
filament
large terminal portion containing pollen sacs
anther
cavities of the anther where pollen grains are formed
pollen sacs
stalk of the anther
filament
the female reproductive structure of a flower, composed of one or more carpels
pistil
pistils of a single flower
gynoecium
parts of a pistil
ovary
ovule
stigma
style
enlarged basal portion containing the ovule
ovary
cavities in the ovary containing the egg cell, attached to the ovary
ovule
terminal sticky portion of the pistil
stigma
long slender structure connecting the ovary to the stigma
style
label the parts of a generalized solitary flower
grade your score accordingly
label the parts of a generalized composite flower
grade your score accordingly
accesory parts of a flower
perianth
receptacle
peduncle
has frond (containing spores)
fern
thin, expanded structures surrounding the essential parts of the flower
perianth
composed of corolla and calyx
perianth
interior part of the perianth that is attached to the calyx
petal
usually conspicuously colored
petals
petals of a single flower
corolla
exterior part of the perianth, the outermost parts of the flower
sepal
pedicel vs peduncle
pedicel (inflorescence)
peduncle (solitary)
outermost part of the plant
calyx (sepal)
2nd outermost part of the plant
petals
3rd whorl of the plant
stamen
4th whorl of the plant
pistil
body cavity
coelom
sepals of a single flower
calyx
the region of the floral shoot where the parts of the flower are attached, the floral base
receptacle
the stalk of the flower in an inflorescence
peduncle
types of flowers can be described in: (8 items)
essential parts
distribution of unisexual flowers
floral parts
shape or form
number of flowers in a stalk
degree of fusion or floral parts
position of the ovary
cluster or inflorescence
both have stamen and pistil
perfect (bisexual)
only one reproductive structure
imperfect (unisexual)
flowers without pistils
staminate
flowers without stamens
pistilate
pistil vs carpel
3 carpels = 1 pistil
arrange the following
gynoecium
pistil
carpel
carpel -> pistil -> gynoecium
when both staminate and pistilate flowers are borne on the same plants
monoecious
when staminate are borne by one plant and pistilate by another plant
dioecious
if all the four floral sets, corolla, calyx, stamens and pistils, are present in one flower
complete flower
if one or more of the floral sets are absent in a flower
incomplete
a single flower at the end of the peduncle
solitary
a group of many small flowers arranged to give the appearance of a single flower, composed of ray flowers and disc flowers
composite
frequently sterile or pistilate and have large bilateral corollas (composite flowers)
ray flowers
(composite flowers) generally complete and with small radial corollas
disc flowers
when parts of each floral set is of the same shape and size, exhibits radial symmetry
regular
when some parts of one or more floral sets differ in shape or size from other parts of the same floral sets
irregular
parts of the same floral set fused together
connotation
parts of another floral set fused together
adnation
sepals, petals, and stamens are attached to the receptacle under the superior ovary
hypogynous flower
the pistil is sunken into the receptacle with sepals, petals, and stamens are attached above the inferior ovary
epigynous flower
the pistil is in the bottom of a concave receptacle to the edges of which sepals, petals, and stamens are attached in line with half-superior and half superior ovary
perigynous flower
corn plants are what (monoecious/dioecious)
monoecious
developed from the integument of the ovary
fruit wall
also called the pericarp
fruit wall
enclosing the seed and help in its dispersal
fruit wall
three distinct layers of the fruit wall
exocarp
mesocarp
endocarp
the outer layer of the fruit wall usually forms the skin of the fruit
exocarp
the middle layer of the fruit wall usually the edible fleshy portion
mesocarp
the inner layer of the fruit usually the hard shell around the seed
endocarp
form single ovary of a single flower, e.g. tomatoes, mangoes, oranges, watermelons, coconuts, apples
simple fruits
types of fruits characterized by:
composition or structure
as to consistency
form several ovaries of a single flower, e.g. atis, guyabano (sour sop), strawberries
aggregate fruits
form ovaries of several flowers borne close together on a common axis, e.g. pineapples, jackfruit, durian
multiple or collective fruit
soft and pulpy at maturity
fleshy fruits
`derived from a simple or compound ovary; contains one to many seeds; most of the pericarp is fleshy, e.g. tomatoes
berry
modified berry with a separable leathery rind composed of exocarp and mesocarp, endocarp is fleshy, e.g. oranges
hesperidium
modified berry with an inseparable rigid rind composed of the exocarp, mesocarp, and endocarp form the flesh, e.g. cucumber, watermelon
pepo
thin skin (exocarp) surrounds fleshy or fibrous mesocarp, endocarp at center forms a stony wall around the seed, e.g. coconut, peach, almond, cherry, mango
drupe
dry and hard or papery at maturity, split open along one or more sutures or seams
dehiscent fruits
forms a single carpel, split open along the margin
follicle
forms from a single carpel, split open along two margins
legume
forms from superior ovary with two locules, at maturity, pericarp separates into three portions
silique
form from two or more fused carpels, splits open along multiple seams, or form pores, or forms a lid-like cap that falls off
capsules
do not split by definite seam or pores at maturity
dry indehiscent fruits
single-seeded fruit in which seed is attached to pericarp at only one point, e.g. sunflower, dandelion, cosmos
achene
winged achene, e.g. narra, apitong, palosanto, maple
samara
fruit consisting of two carpels that split into two-seeded halves, e.g. carrot, celery, makahiya, parsley
schizocarp
single-seeded fruit in which seed is completely fused to thepericarp, e.g. corn, wheat, rice, oat, barley
grain/caryopsis
single-seeded fruit derived from compound ovary, possesses a hard pericarp, e.g. pili, macadamia, hazelnut, walnut, cashew
nut
the pome fruit in which the flesh derived from the which tissue
receptacle tissue
the drupe and berry fruit the pome fruit in which the flesh derived from the which tissue
ovarian tissue
eondcarp hard and stony; ovary single seeded
drupe
endocarp fleshy and slimy, many seeded
berry
two types of berry
hesperidium
pepo
the enlarged matured ovule containing the embryo and stored nutrient, the endosperm
seed
identify if the food is fruit or vegetable in your notebook
grade your score accordingly
structure of the seed
seed coat
embryo
endosperm
outer covering of a seed from the integuments of the ovule
seed coat
