Introduction All About Life Flashcards by Franchez Cassandra Escander

What is the scientific name of the plant with a common name of Great Basin Bristlecone Pine that is said to be 5,000 years old?

Pinus longaeva

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What is the scientific name of a plant that can grow up to approximately 100 meters tall?

Sequoia sempervirens (redwoods)

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a parasitic plant that gets nutrients from its host

Rafflesia (corpse flower)

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the tallest inflorescence in the world

Titan arum (amorphophallus titanium)

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found in the back of the 5-peso coin, forest chandelier

Strongylodon macrobotrys (Jade Vine or Tayabak)

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found in the back of the 10-peso coin, majestic plant with vivid pink flowers

Medenilla magnifica (Kapa-kapa)

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core disciplines of Biology

Botany and Zoology

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core disciplines of Biology

Botany and Zoology

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Main things that all living organisms have in common

DNA compound

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chemical and energy transformations that occur in cells as they carry out processes in life

metabolism

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metabolism can be either ________ or ________

anabolism, catabolism

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differentiate anabolism from catabolism

anabolism is the process of building up (e.g. photosynthesis) while catabolism is the process of breaking down (e.g. cellular respiration)

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changing of matter from an outer environment and transforming that matter as part of the cells so that the organism can benefit from the energy being produced by metabolism

assimilation

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process in which we take matter from the outer environment so that the cells in our bodies can transform it into substances that our body can use to help us live

eating

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ability to make copies of themselves in order to ensure life will continue

reproduction

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can be accomplished through a series of complex chemical processes, occurring when constructive activities occur faster than destructive activities

growth process

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differentiate intussusception and accretion

intussusception is the growth of a cell wall by deposition of new particles while accretion is the gradual accumulation of additional layers or matter

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only one parent is involved and the cells produced are identical (e.g. bacteria)

asexual reproduction

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two different parents join to produce a new organism

sexual reproduction

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cycle change where organisms experience aging

development

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an organism becomes less efficient at the process of life and the ability to reproduce comes to an end

aging

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ability of living things to react to a stimuli

irritability

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anything in the environment that causes an organism to react

stimuli

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give an example of a stimuli

light, odor, gravity, sound, pressure, heat, temperature, water

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refers to modifications of changes occurring not only to individuals but to all members of a population to promote the likelihood of survival

adaptation

organisms that move to a better environment

migration

organisms that change spanning over many generations

evolution

living things are composed of different levels, starting from subatomic particles

organization

enumerate the different organizations of life

subatomic particles atoms molecules organelles tissues organ organ system multicellular organism community ecosystem biosphere

most accepted and scientific theory to explain the origin of the universe

Oparin-Haldane Hypothesis and Miller-Urey Experiment

Life systems are characterized by which processes

metabolism, growth, reproduction, adaptation, irritability, organization

is a science that attempts to describe and understand both the unity and diversity of life on Earth

Biology

name pioneers of biological studies

Aristotle, Vesalius, Harvey, Hooke, Leeuwenhoek

Botany is derived from which word

Greek words botanikos and botanique (botanical) and boskein (to feed)

other than plants, who is able to do photosynthesis

cyanobacteria and protozoans

multicellular organism capable of making its own food by photosynthesis

plant

aggregated cells that function as one unit

tissue

tissues functioning as one unit

organs

major organs of a plant

root, stem, leaves, flowers, fruits/seeds

process that includes capturing light energy and its energy transformation into chemical energy of organic molecules (manufactured using carbon dioxide and water)

photosynthesis

basic unit or rank in taxonomy and biodiversity

species

plants respond to this type of stimuli, as seen from the downward movement of roots

gravity

example of plants reacting to water and food

lateral movement of roots

example of plants reacting to light

young developing seedlings, sunflower

plants reacting to touch

clinging to the host or trapping of prey

refers to the increase in cell number and cell size

growth

changes in an organism from its immature and mature life stages

development

hereditary units of information

gene

onion

Allium cepa

digman leaf

Hydrilla verticillata

Tomato

Solanum lycopersicum

Potato

Solanum tuberosum

bangka-bangkaan

Tradescantia spathacea

dumbcane

Dieffenbachia sp.

alikbangon

Commelina sp.

natural science that deals with the living components of nature

Biology

which knowledge is based on appreciation and faith

arts and religion

other fields of science apart from natural sciences

social science and abstract science

dealing with activities and relationships between the society (sociology, politics, economics)

social science

dealing with inanimate objects and concepts

abstract sciences

includes the entire field of living organisms, ranging from the tiniest speck of microscopic life floating in the air to the massive whale or giant sequoia tree

biology

largest and most enduring of all living things

Sequoia sempervirens

Greek word bios (life) and logos (study)

Biology

deals with the investigation of origin, history, structure, function, identification, classification, distribution, development, inheritance and significance of living

biology

concerned with the forces, motion, and energy

physics

concerned with physics, chemistry, geology, astronomy

Physical sciences

composition and changes of matter

chemistry

structure of the earth

geology

different celestial bodies

astronomy

used for solving or investigating a biological problem

scientific method

most basic skill of a scientist

observation

enumerate the steps of the scientific method

identification of the problem formulation of the hypotheses experimentation analysis and interpretation of data generalization or formulation of conclusion

parameter to be tested

variable

may be developed into scientific law or principle

theories

statement of what occurs in nature as found by observation and a series of experiments to be true

scientific law

law of nature on which other laws are established

scientific principle

vital to the scientific process

testability

enumerate the areas of limitation of science

About God and the supernatural about appreciation and value morality

father of Biology

Aristotle

Belgian anatomist on human anatomy

Andreas Vesalius

English physician on blood circulation

William Harvey

Italian biologist on blood capillaries

Marcello Malpighi

English naturalist on the discovery of the cell

Robert Hooke

studied the bacteria, blood, and protist

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

stated that all plants are composed of cells

Matthias Jakob Schleiden

stated that all animals are composed of cells

Theodor Schwann

stated that cells arise from pre-existing cells

Rudolf Virchow

which book was published that marked the birth of the modern era of Biology

Charles Darwin "The Origin of Species"

who disproved Spontaneous generation theory

Louis Pasteur

father of Genetics

Gregor Mendel

who discovered the electron microscope

Max Knoll and Ernst Ruska

who discovered the double helix structure of the DNA

James Watson and Francis Crick

postulates of the cell theory

all organisms are made up of cells cells come from pre-existing cells the basic unit of life is cell

All organisms are made up of cells (Schleiden, Schwann, Virchow)

Cell Theory/Cell Concept

"Life only comes from life" (Louis Pasteur)

Biogenesis

theory that states that organisms come from non-living things

theory of spontaneous generation

disproved SGT that stated maggots come from meat

Francisco Redi

The internal environment remains within normal range (Bernard)

Homeostasis

All living things have a common ancestor and are adapted to a particular way of life

Evolution or Natural Selection

Organisms contain coded information that dictates their structure, function, and behavior

Gene concept

banana

musa paradisiaca

mayana

plectranthus scutellarioides

kangkong

Ipomea aquatica

santan

ixora sp.

mongo

Phaseolus vulgaris

Patola

Luffa acutangula

coconut

cocos nucifera