Wk4 Upper GI Bleeds

Question 1

Three steps in initial assessment of upper GI bleeds:

Answer 1

1. ABC’s (airway? CPR?)
2. IV access (2 large bore IVs)
3. Infusion (crystalloid, blood products)

Question 2

Typical presentation of esophageal varices rupture:

Answer 2

dramatic bleeding

**usually hematemesis

Question 3

Commonest cause of varices:

Answer 3

portal HTN

Question 4

Cause of portal HTN:

Answer 4

cirrhosis (liver disease)

Question 5

Tx for varices:

Answer 5

Octreotide or Vasopressin

PPI

Non-selective beta blocker

Variceal band ligation

TIPS/surgical shunt

Question 6

Break in mucosa with appreciable depth at endoscopy or with involvement of the submucosa

common cause of bleeding

Answer 6

ulcer

Question 7

Two main causes of ulcers:

Answer 7

1. H. pylori

2. NSAIDs

Question 8

Two tests for eradication of H. pylori:

Answer 8

1. breath

2. stool