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GI > Wk4 GI Parasites > Flashcards

Wk4 GI Parasites Flashcards

1
Q

Three unicellular eukaryotic parasites:

A

Protozoans
1. Entamoeba

  1. Giardia
  2. Cryptosporidium
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2
Q

Life stage of nematodes, Cestodes, and trematodes in mammal host:

A

Juvenile and adult worms

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3
Q

Giradia mechanism:

A

Presence of parasite decreases absorptive surface area

diahrrea 1-2 weeks, may resolve then return

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4
Q

Form of Giardia that gets ingested:

A

cysts

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5
Q

Form of Giardia present in fecal matter:

A

Trophozoites + cysts

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6
Q

FOUL smelling diarrhea

Flatulence

Greasy stools that float

A

Giardia

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7
Q

Failed sanitation system (water park, drinking water)

Diarrhea 1-2 weeks –> 30 days

A

Cryptosporidium parvum

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8
Q

Ingestion of SMALL oocysts

disrupts epithelial microvilli –> envelopes in host cell membrane

impaired absorption, enhanced secretion

watery, frequent, NON-bloody stools

Opportunistic (HIV)

A

Cryptosporidium parvaum

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9
Q

Cryptosporidium form found in feces:

A

oocysts

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10
Q

Infectious and damage causing forms of Cryptosporidium:

A

Sporulated oocysts

Sporozoites

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11
Q

Bloody-MUCUSEY loose stools

can invade liver –> abcess

Dx: cysts in stool

No fever, chills, or pus

A

Entamoeba histolytica

–> Amebic dysentery (differentiate from Bacillary which HAS fever, chills, and pus)

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12
Q

Location for Entamoeba histolytica:

USA at risk population:

A

tropics –> poverty areas

homosexual males

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13
Q

Life cycle for Entomoeba histolytica on host:

A

ingest cysts –> trophozoites in small intestine –> migrate to colon –> cysts and trophozoites in feces

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14
Q

Disease mech for E. histolytica:

hint: “Hitsto–lytica”

A

tissue lysis

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15
Q

tissue abcess in upper right liver lobe

RUQ pain

fever

weight loss

A

Amebic hepatitis

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16
Q

TISSUE antiparasitic (completely absorbed)

free-radical forming –> DNA strand breaks

A

TiniDAZOLE

MetroniDAZOLE

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17
Q

Antiparasitic

intersferes with pyruvate

moderatley absorbed – primarily luminal

less efficacy in immunocompromised with Crypto

A

Nitazoxanide

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18
Q

luminal antiparasitic (amebicide)

loss of visual acuity

careful with thyroid disease

A

Iodoquinol

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19
Q

Luminal antiparasitic

Aminoglycoside (30s subunit)

Side Fx: diarrhea

A

Paromomycin

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20
Q

Systemic side effects of aminoglycosides not a problem with paromomycin?

A

ototoxicity

nephrotoxicity

**not absorbed

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21
Q

Most common helminth (worm) infx in the US:

A

Enterobius vermicularis

*a round worm

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22
Q

perianal pruritis

A

Enterobius vermicularis

**a round worm

23
Q

Form of E. vermicularis ingested:

A

pinworm eggs

**can remain viable on surfaces for 2-3 weeks

24
Q

Life span from egg to adult Enterobius vermicularis:

A

1-2 months –> live for 2 months as adult

25
Q

Where/when do Enterobius vermicularis lay their eggs?

A

perianal region

at night

**larva can crawl back up for retroinfection

26
Q

Dx for Enterobius vermicularis:

A

Scotch tape of anal region looking for eggs in the morning

**NOT likely in stool

27
Q

Soil transmitted round worm

9-11 mm

eggs in stool

can be in skin and lungs

blood suckers

A

Necator

Necator americanus/Ancylostoma duodenale

hookworms**

28
Q

Iron deficiency anemia

A

Necator

OR

Trichuris trichuria

29
Q

Recurrent raised red rash along thighs and buttocks

Autoinfection in IC pts

a few mm in size

A

Strongolides stercoralis

**a round worm

30
Q

barrel shaped eggs in feces

adults 3-5 CM

finger clubbing

bloody, mucus, watery diarrhea (Fe deficiency anemia)

A

Trichuris trichiura

**a round worm

31
Q

Huge worm (15-35 cm)

not common in US

1 BILLION in tropics infected per year

A

Ascaris

32
Q

Charcot-Leyden crystals

eggs with THICK shells

A

Ascaris

33
Q

Binds parasite B-tubulin (different than host tubulin)

inhibits motor activity and metabolism

A

Albendazole (better for tissue)

Mebendazole

34
Q

Cholinergic antihelminth drugs

cause spastic muscle contraction so parasite can be swept away

A

Pyrantel pamoate

Levamisole

**N/V, diarrhea, poorly absorbed

35
Q

Binds glutamate gated Cl- channels

worm paralysis and death by starvation

Spectrum: ?

A

Ivermectin

Nematodes - Ascaris, Strongyloides, Onchocerca

36
Q

Typical human tape worm:

A

Taenia

3-10 m length

37
Q

tapeworm

beef or pork

A

Taenia

38
Q

Fish tapeworm

size ?

A

Diphyllobothrium

HUGE!! up to 30 ft

39
Q

Tapeworm of liver, lungs, brain

size?

A

Echinococcus

tiny, a few mm

40
Q

Morphological difference between round worms and tape worms:

A

tape worms are SEGMENTED

41
Q

Competes for B12 in intestine

**maybe after eating uncooked fish

A

Diphyllobothrium

42
Q

Stage of Taenia ingested from beef or pork?

A

cysticerci

–> grows to tapeworm in small intestine

**can become cysticerosis if migrates to muscle, brain or other tissue

43
Q

Dogs are definitive host

not really GI illness at all

sheep farming

cysts in organs

A

Echinococcus

44
Q

Tx for tapeworms that also targets GI roundworms:

MOA?

A

Benzimidazoles
-Albendazole, Mebendazole

B-tubulin binder
-inhibits motor function and metabolism

45
Q

Tapeworm drug

increased permiability of parasite –> divalent cations –> contraction of worm musculature

A

Praziquantel

46
Q

Cestodes?

A

tapeworms

47
Q

Liver involvement

RUQ pain

A

Entamoeba histolytica

48
Q

Second to malaria as most devastating parasitic disease:

A

schistosomiasis

**a fluke

49
Q

Mechanism of disease for schistosomiasis:

A

IMMUNE response to eggs

50
Q

infection –> days –> rash, itching

1-2 months –> F/C, cough, muscle aches

Chronic –> abd pain, HEPATOMEGALY, bloody stool/urine

increased risk of bladder cancer

A

schistosomiasis

51
Q

How does Schistosoma infect humans?

A

lives in snails in water (sporocysts–intermediate host)

free swimming cercariae leave snail and penetrate human skin

get into blood and go to lungs, heart, then liver (thats where they mature)

migrate to bowel and bladder

300 eggs/day to blood, can live 20 years

eggs leave in feces and urine –> back to water for round 2

52
Q

Swimmers itch

A

Cercarial dermatitis

53
Q

Tx for schistosomiasis:

A

praziquantel

same as tapeworm drug, increases permiability

low efficacy against immature worms

GI (46 decks)

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