Wk1 Protein and Lipids

Question 1

Pepsinogen –> ____?____ –> Pepsin

Answer 1

H+

Question 2

Trypsinogen > ? > Trypsin

Answer 2

Enteropepsidase

Question 3

Chymotrypsinogen > ? > Chymotrypsin

Answer 3

trypsin

Question 4

Proelastase > ? > Elastase

Answer 4

trypsin

Question 5

Procarboxypeptidases > ? > carboxypeptidases

Answer 5

trypsin

Question 6

Exo vs Endo peptidases?

Answer 6

Exo – cleave bonds on the end of peptide chains

Endo – cleave bonds within peptide chains

Question 7

Why do CF patients have trouble absorbing protein?

Answer 7

Blockage of pancreatic duct

Question 8

How do AA get from lumen into cells?

Answer 8

Na+ symporter

**Na conc gradient generated by Na/K ATPase

Question 9

How do AAs get from epithelial cells into blood?

Answer 9

Facilitated transport

Question 10

Transporter for tryptophan

Answer 10

Bo aka SLC6A9

Question 11

What happens if pt is SLC6A9 deficient?

Answer 11

Hartnup disease

Question 12

What are the three hallmark sx of Hartnup disease?

Answer 12

1. Dementia
2. Dermatitis
3. Diarrhea

Question 13

Hartnup disease causes pellagra d/t lack of production of what?

Answer 13

niacin

without SLC6A9 can’t absorb tryptophan to synthesize niacin

Question 14

Niacin is an important component of which molecules:

Answer 14

NADH

NADPH

Question 15

Mutation of SLC7A9 (Bo+) or causes?

Answer 15

cystinuria

**loss of basic AA (Arg, Lys, His)

Question 16

What does cystinuria cause?

Answer 16

kidney stones

Question 17

Two transporter mutation that cause cystinuria?

Answer 17

1. SLC7A9 (Bo+)

2. SLC3A1 (rBAT)

Question 18

Route for AA absorption but not important for majority of dietary AA uptake?

Answer 18

rx with glutathione via gama-glutamyl transpepsidase

Question 19

4 fates of AAs once they are in the cell:

Answer 19

1. Protein synth
2. N-containing compounds
3. Urea cycle
4. C for TCA cycle

Question 20

mTORC1?

Answer 20

activates protein synthesis and inhibits autophagy

Question 21

ACC ?

Answer 21

activiates lipid metabolism

Question 22

AMPK ?

Answer 22

inhibits mTORC1 and ACC

promotes autophagy

Question 23

Protein deficiency with normal calorie intake?

Answer 23

kwashiorkor

Question 24

PLP

3 jobs in AA metabolism?

Answer 24

1. transaminations
2. deaminations
3. carbon chain transfers

Question 25

PLP deficiency causes?

Answer 25

seizures diarrhea anemia EEG abnormalities

Question 26

FH4 Job in AA metabolism?

Answer 26

one carbon transfers

Question 27

FH4 deficiency causes what?

Answer 27

megaloblastic anemia

Question 28

BH4 Job in AA metabolism?

Answer 28

ring hydroxylations

Question 29

BH4 deficiency causes what?

Answer 29

seizures developmental delays

Question 30

Two hormones that promote secretion of bile and lipase:

Answer 30

secretin cholecystokinin

Question 31

Triacylglycerol + pancreatic lipase --> ?

Answer 31

2 fatty acids + 2-monoacylglycerol

Question 32

What does PLA-2 do? Where does it come from?

Answer 32

cuts the #2 fatty acid from phospholipids pancreas

Question 33

Breaks down big balls of fat into little balls of fat:

Answer 33

bile salts

Question 34

What happens to fatty acids once in the gut epithelial cells?

Answer 34

Converted back to TAG Packaged as nascent chylomicrons and dumped into lymphatics

Question 35

Apoprotein of nascent chylomicrons: Where do they get this?

Answer 35

ApoB-48 From RER in epithelial cells before going to lymph

Question 36

How do you get ApoB-48 from same DNA as ApoB-100?

Answer 36

RNA editing

Question 37

What do nascent chylomicrons get once they enter the blood? Where do they get it?

Answer 37

ApoCII ApoE --from HDL

Question 38

What activates LPL to cut FAs from chylomicrons?

Answer 38

ApoCII

Question 39

What happens to chylomicron remnants in the liver?

Answer 39

repackaged with ApoB-100 as VLDL

Question 40

What do adipocytes need to store FAs?

Answer 40

glycerol 3-phosphate backbones from glycolysis **so they can only store in fed state

Question 41

Fat transport molecules from largest to smallest:

Answer 41

Chylomicron (huge by comparison) VLDL ILDL LDL HDL

Question 42

Transfer DIETARY fat from gut to tissue:

Answer 42

chylomicrons

Question 43

Transfer fat produced by dietary CARBS to tissue:

Answer 43

VLDL

Question 44

Where do VLDL come from:

Answer 44

Liver

Question 45

In charge of cholesterol and apoprotein homeostasis:

Answer 45

HDL

Question 46

Source of HDL:

Answer 46

liver and intestine

Question 47

ApoB48 ApoCII ApoE Whats is it?

Answer 47

Chylomicron

Question 48

ApoB100 ApoCII ApoE What is it?

Answer 48

VLDL | or ILDL

Question 49

ApoB100 What is it?

Answer 49

LDL