Wk3 Small intestine/Colon pt1 Flashcards
List complications of Meckel’s diverticulum
- ulceration dt ectopic gastric mucosa
- perforation
- hemorrhage
- fistula w/bladder
- intussusception
List four kinds of diarrhea:
- Secretory – isotonic stools
- Osmotic – lactase deficiency
- Malabsorptive – steatorrhea
- Exudative – inflammatory, neutrophils, bloody stool
How is Whipple disease diagnosed?
-PCR on tissue biopsy
Most common (80%) cause of intestinal obstruction:
mechanical:
- hernia
- adhesion
- intussusception
- volvulus
- tumor
loss of normal propulsive function of bowel in absence of mechanical obstruction:
ileus
Defect in the wall of peritoneal cavity:
hernia
fibrous band of scar tissue between bowel segments:
Adhesions
Twisting of bowel loop around its mesenteric base:
Volvulus
Segment of bowel telescopes into immediate distal segment of bowel:
Intussesception
Common cause of intussusception in infants?
anatomical defect
Common cause of intussusception in older children and adults?
intraluminal tumor or mass
Rule of 2’s?
Meckel’s diverticulum
Failed involution of which structure causes Meckel’s diverticulum?
vitelline duct
premature arrest of neural crest cell migration
premature death of ganglion cells
Hirschsprung’s disease
Most common location of Hirschsprung’s disease:
distal sigmoid colon and rectum
Two nerve plexuses affected by Hirschsprung’s:
submucosal (Meissner)
myenteric (Auerbach)
Pathophys of Hirschsprung’s disease:
absent peristaltic contractions and proximal dialation
Global malabsorption?
diffuse mucosal involvement
or
reduced absorptive surface (ie. Celiac)
Partial or segmental malabsorption?
interference with absorption of specific nutrients
ie. vit B12
3 common causes of malabsorption in the USA?
- chronic pancreatitis
- celiac disease
- Crohn’s
Clinical definition of diarrhea:
greater than 3 loose stools per day
Acute diarrhea:
less than 14 days
Chronic diarrhea:
greater than 4 weeks
intraepithilial lymphocytes with vilious atrophy
celiac
