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GI > Wk1 GI Phys Overview > Flashcards

Wk1 GI Phys Overview Flashcards

1
Q

4 major layers of GI wall?

A
  1. Mucosa
  2. Submucosa
  3. Muscularis Externa
  4. Serosa
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2
Q

Three sub-layers of the GI mucosa:

A
  1. Epithelium
  2. Lamina propria
  3. Muscularis mucosae
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3
Q

Primary component of the GI sub-mucoa:

A

submucus nerve plexus

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4
Q

Three sub-layers of the GI muscularis externa:

A
  1. Circular muscle
  2. Myenteric nerve plexus
  3. Longitudinal muscle
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5
Q

Main difference between small intestine and colonic mucosa?

A

Small intestine has villi (increased surface area)

Colon is flat to lumen

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6
Q

Why such high rate of turnover in GI epithelial cells?

A

prevents accumulation of mutations due to toxin exposure

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7
Q

Organs with two layers of mucus:

A

stomach

colon

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8
Q

Organ with one layer of mucus:

A

small intestine

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9
Q

What protects protein core of mucus from proteases?

A

glycosylation

**carbohydrate side chains attract water to form gel

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10
Q

Exocrine digestive enzymes are secreted via?

A

zymogen granules

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11
Q

Zymogen docking and dumping stimulated by increase in which two substances?

A

cAMP

Ca2+

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12
Q

Small bowel overgrowth of bacteria causes increase in organic acid production and pulls water into lumen from the blood stream leading to:

A

osmotic diarrhea

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13
Q

Infection causing an excess secretion of chloride drawing water into the lumen causes?

A

secretory diarrhea

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14
Q

antidiarrheal that slow transit time leading to increased fluid absorption:

A

loperamide

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15
Q

Average transit time of the esophagus:

A

10 sec

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16
Q

Average transit time of the stomach:

A

4-5 hours

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17
Q

Average transit time of the small intestine:

A

2.5-3 hours

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18
Q

Average transit time of the colon:

A

30-40 hours

19
Q

Biochemical characteristic of smooth muscle sphincters:

A

maintain tone without increase in intracellular Ca2+

20
Q

Slow wave electrical activity of SM cells initiated by?

A

interstitial cells of Cajal

21
Q

Increased AP generation of SM cells caused by increased?

A

amplitude

NOT frequency

22
Q

Review SM contraction on slide…

A

37

23
Q

NT released by enterochromaffin cells?

A

serotonin

24
Q

role of serotonin in the gut?

A

afferent gut sensation

25
Q

Excitatory NT’s of the enteric nervous system:

A

Ach

neurokinin A

substance P

26
Q

Inhibitory NT’s of the enteric nervous system:q

A

vasoactive intestinal peptide

NO

27
Q

Review slides…

A

45 and 46

28
Q

NT’s that generally decrease GI SM contractility:

A

norepinephrine

dopamine

neuropeptide Y

(Sympathetics….fight or flight)

29
Q

NT’s that generally increase GI SM contractility:

A

Ach

parasympathetics….rest and digest

30
Q

Primary excitatory NT from sensory cells and motoneurons to muscle, epithelium, secretory cells and interneuronal junctions; increases intracellular Ca2+:

A

Acetylcholine

31
Q

released from vagal nerve endings to stimulate G cell secretion of gastrin:

A

Gastrin releasing peptide

32
Q

an excitatory transmitter generally co-released with acetylcholine:

A

substance P

33
Q

promotes motility

relaxes smooth muscle in esophagus and stomach

stimulates fluid secretion and promotes dilation of GI vasculature

increases cAMP

A

Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP)

34
Q

an inhibitory transmitter co-release with VIP from inhibitory motoneurons

hydrophobic

intracellular targets

A

NO

35
Q

transmitter review table on slide…

A

51

36
Q

G cells in antrum of stomach detect amino acids leading to pepsinogen and H+ release by parietal cells:

A

Gastrin

37
Q

I cells in duodenum/jejunum detect fat and amino acids, secretion of pancreatic enzymes and bile salts involved in fat uptake:

A

Cholecystokinin (CCK)

38
Q

S cell primarily in duodenum/jejunum detect acid stimulates secretion of pancreatic juice including BICARB and inhibits gastric motility:

A

Secretin

39
Q

K cells in D/J detect carbs and fat to inhibit gastric acid and stimulate insulin release from pancreas:

A

GIP

gastric inhibitory peptide or glucose dependent insulinotropic peptide

40
Q

secreted by endocrine cells; released cyclically during fasting state to initiate Migrating Motor Complex

A

Motilin

41
Q

Paracrine regulator from ECL cells:

A

histamine

42
Q

Paracrine regulator from D cells:

A

somatostatin

43
Q

Vocab word: burping?

A

eructation

44
Q

Vocab word: rumbling noise created by movement of gas in bowels?

A

borborygmi

GI (46 decks)

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