Wk1 Oral/Esophageal Phys Flashcards
Glands with amylase:
serous salivary
watery
Glands with cells containing demulines:
mucous (mucin)
Gland entirely serous and watery, 25% saliva volume:
Parotid
Gland with mixed serous and mucous, 70% saliva volume:
Submandibular
Gland that is mainly mucous, 5% saliva volume:
Sublingual
Why is saliva an alkaline solution?
Salivary duct cells secrete K+, HCO3-, Ca++, Mg++, PO4-, to prevent demineralization of the tooth enamel
**cells are impermeable to water
What is the pH of the oral cavity?
Why?
6.3
carbohydrate fermented by bacteria producing lactic acid
PNS role in salivary secretion?
glossopharyngeal and facial nerves
VIP and Ach on muscarinic receptors increase WATERY saliva
SNS role in salivary secretion?
cervical sympathetic chain
NE –> B1 and a1 –> viscous saliva
What activates salivary amylase?
Cl-
What does activated salivary amylase do?
hydrolyzes a-1,4 glycosidic linkages in starch
**active until acid penetrates bolus
What does lingual lipase do?
breaks down triglycerides
Two instances where salivary enzymes increase?
neonates
pancreatic insufficiency
Innervation of tongue muscle:
hypoglossal (XII)
Term meaning loss of taste:
dysguesia
Taste signals from _____ and _____ lead to ____ ____ _____ leading to ____ _____ secretion.
glossopharyngeal
facial
nucleus tractus solitarius
gastric acid
subjective sensation of dryness of the oral mucosa:
xerostomia
**lots of causes, see slide 15
A parasympathomimetic that can treat dry mouth?
pilocarpine
Swallowing regulated by (CNS)?
medullary swallowing center in brainstem
slide 18
NT and receptors for top third of esophagus:
Ach –> nicotinic
Somatic nerves, striated muscle
NT and receptors for lower 2/3 of esophagus:
Ach –> nicotinic –> muscarinic
autonomic nerves, smooth muscle
Trigger for swallowing reflex:
tongue pushes bolus against soft palate
Mechanoreceptors sense what to trigger peristaltic action:
distention or change in pH
NT’s regulating peristaltic action:
Ach – contraction above
NO/VIP – relaxation below