Wk1 Oral/Esophageal Phys

Question 1

Glands with amylase:

Answer 1

serous salivary

watery

Question 2

Glands with cells containing demulines:

Answer 2

mucous (mucin)

Question 3

Gland entirely serous and watery, 25% saliva volume:

Answer 3

Parotid

Question 4

Gland with mixed serous and mucous, 70% saliva volume:

Answer 4

Submandibular

Question 5

Gland that is mainly mucous, 5% saliva volume:

Answer 5

Sublingual

Question 6

Why is saliva an alkaline solution?

Answer 6

Salivary duct cells secrete K+, HCO3-, Ca++, Mg++, PO4-, to prevent demineralization of the tooth enamel

**cells are impermeable to water

Question 7

What is the pH of the oral cavity?

Why?

Answer 7

6.3

carbohydrate fermented by bacteria producing lactic acid

Question 8

PNS role in salivary secretion?

Answer 8

glossopharyngeal and facial nerves

VIP and Ach on muscarinic receptors increase WATERY saliva

Question 9

SNS role in salivary secretion?

Answer 9

cervical sympathetic chain

NE –> B1 and a1 –> viscous saliva

Question 10

What activates salivary amylase?

Answer 10

Cl-

Question 11

What does activated salivary amylase do?

Answer 11

hydrolyzes a-1,4 glycosidic linkages in starch

**active until acid penetrates bolus

Question 12

What does lingual lipase do?

Answer 12

breaks down triglycerides

Question 13

Two instances where salivary enzymes increase?

Answer 13

neonates

pancreatic insufficiency

Question 14

Innervation of tongue muscle:

Answer 14

hypoglossal (XII)

Question 15

Term meaning loss of taste:

Answer 15

dysguesia

Question 16

Taste signals from _____ and _____ lead to ____ ____ _____ leading to ____ _____ secretion.

Answer 16

glossopharyngeal

facial

nucleus tractus solitarius

gastric acid

Question 17

subjective sensation of dryness of the oral mucosa:

Answer 17

xerostomia

**lots of causes, see slide 15

Question 18

A parasympathomimetic that can treat dry mouth?

Answer 18

pilocarpine

Question 19

Swallowing regulated by (CNS)?

Answer 19

medullary swallowing center in brainstem

slide 18

Question 20

NT and receptors for top third of esophagus:

Answer 20

Ach –> nicotinic

Somatic nerves, striated muscle

Question 21

NT and receptors for lower 2/3 of esophagus:

Answer 21

Ach –> nicotinic –> muscarinic

autonomic nerves, smooth muscle

Question 22

Trigger for swallowing reflex:

Answer 22

tongue pushes bolus against soft palate

Question 23

Mechanoreceptors sense what to trigger peristaltic action:

Answer 23

distention or change in pH

Question 24

NT’s regulating peristaltic action:

Answer 24

Ach – contraction above

NO/VIP – relaxation below

Question 25

How are large or cold boluses propelled?

Answer 25

more forcefully but slower

Question 26

Failure of lower esophageal sphincter to relax:

Answer 26

Achalasia

Question 27

Receptor target for taste ligands:

Answer 27

G protein