williams Flashcards
What is the aim of Williams?
To test remote forms of CBT to see if imagination based cognitive bias modification would impact positively on iCBT outcomes/effectiveness of CBM and iCBT to treat depression
How many people are in the sample of Williams?
69
Where are the sample from in Williams?
Australia
How were the sample gathered?
Self-selecting on the internet
What was used to make sure the individuals in Williams had depression?
DSM interview
Who was filtered out by Williams?
Alcoholics, those with comobidity, the most serious cases of depression
What design is this study?
Independent measures (only in either the treatment group or waiting list)
Name tests used by Williams to test Depression?
PHQ9, Beck depression inventory, WHO disability scale
When were the tests completed?
Before CBM, after BCM (1 week) and after ICBT (10 weeks)
The treatment group underwent Cognitive bias modification what did this entail?
20mins each day of mental imagery training
How long did the treatment group complete CBM?
1 week
Following the CBM the treatment group did ICBT for how long?
10 weeks
What did the ICBT involve?
No face-to-face contact, it consists of 6 online lessons and regular homework
What did the control group do?
Nothing (no CBM or ICBT)
What were the results of the tests at the baseline (before CBM)
There was no difference between the two groups (so they’re a good comparison)
What were the results after the treatment group got CBM and the control group did not?
Both groups improved by the treatment group improved most (BDI was 18.96 vs 24.82)
What were the results after the treatment group got ICBT and the control group did not?
Both groups improved by the treatment group improved most (BDI was 10.40 vs 20.54)
What is an issue of using an online sample in Williams?
They have shared characteristics e.g. depression severity which could make their results less representative
What is an issue of where Williams’ sample was from?
Ethnocentric as all from Australia which doesn’t represent depression in other cultures
What is good about the filters?
It reduces EVs e.g. comorbidty which could impact the results (it also makes it more ethical)
Why did they do DSM IV interview?
It improves validity because it means we know they all had depression
What is an issue with have separate control and therapy groups for the study?
It means there are participant variables between the two groups as it is independent measures
how were they assigned to the different conditions and why is that good?
They were random which means there is less bias (in assigning certain people to certain groups)
Why use certified tests like Beck, WHO, PHQ9 etc?
It improves the validity as they are all certified tests we know ‘work’ to measure depression
What is a benefit of using Beck, PHQ9 , WHO disability index etc
Triangulation so get improved concurrent validity
What is an issue of doing a study over 11 weeks in a real world setting (of them getting therapy)?
There are lots of EVs which could impact on their depression beyond the therapy
What is an issue of using self-reports like Beck?
Lots of issues with social desirability where people might lie about their level of depression to portray themselves in a certainw way
Why is having the control group a benefit?
To compare to the treatment group to make sure the CBM and ICBT actually had an effect
