Vanijzendoorn Flashcards
What is the aim of Vanijzendoorn
To look for cross-cultural differences in attachment types
What was the sample size of Vanijzendorn
1990
How many cultures were involved in Vanijzendoorn
8
How many studies were used in Vanijzendoorn?
32
What method was vanijzendoorn?
Meta-analysis
What study method was vanijzendoorn looking at across cultures?
Strange Situation
What filters were put in place to select the studies in Vanijzendoorn?
only mothers and children, samples had to be larger than 35, no SEN kids and only studies looking at the 3 types of attachment
What was the most common type of attachment around the world-every culture (in all but 1 study)?
Secure
Which culture had the highest rate of secure children?
Great Britain (75%)
Which culture had the lowest rate of secure children?
China (50%)
Which culture had the highest rate of avoidant children?
West Germany (35.3%)
Which culture had the lowest rate of avoidant children?
Japan (5.2%)
Which culture had the lowest rate of resistant children?
Great Britain (2.8%)
Which culture had the highest rate of resistant children?
Israel (28.8%)
Which culture had the highest rate of resistant children?
Israel (28.8%)
The difference within cultures was greater than the difference between cultures?
True- 1.5x greater
The strange situation procedure used by Vanijzendoorn is ethnocentric?
True- It is a westernised procedure and has been theorised not to work in Japan
What is a strength of the sample of Vanijzendoorn?
It included 8 different cultures so we can say it isn’t ethnocentric
Which of these is a problem with the sample of Vanijzendoorn?
Despite using 8 cultures there is still an imbalance i.e. collectivist vs individualistic AND it only included mothers
A problem with a meta-analysis?
Publication bias of the chosen studies
What effect do the filters have on the validity of this study?
Makes it more valid as it eliminates evs e.g. learning disabilities, relationships with others etc
Kagan criticised Ainsworth saying
Attachment type is due to a child’s temperament rather than parental behavious
Main and Solomon criticised Ainsworth saying
There is at least one other type of attachment (disorganised) so her study/theory ignores this
What is a strength of Strange Situation for reliablity?
It can be replicated to test for reliability in the results about attachment types because it is standardised with the same 8 steps for each child
Is Vanijzendoorn reliable?
Yes the meta-analysis procedure and the filters etc are replicable because they are standardised
What is a weakness of conducting the strange situation as a structured observation?
It is low in ecological validity because the situation the children are in is artificial and might not apply to how they’d really be separated from mother
The study was a controlled environment (in the artifical playroom) we controlled meaning?
It is more valid as situational variables like the setting and stranger behaviour don’t influence the children’s behaviour
Which EV might effect the results on this study about attachment type
whether the child is used to being with others i.e. going to daycare
What is the main ethical issue we could say about Ainsworth?
Protection from harm as the babies were upset by their mother leaving
