Classical conditioning Flashcards
Classical conditioning is learning via?
Association
An unconditioned stimulus is?
A stimulus which people have a naturally occurring response
A neutral stimulus is?
A stimulus which causes no natural response
An unconditioned response is?
A naturally occurring response to a stimulus
An conditioned response is?
A learned response to a stimulus
A conditioned stimulus is?
A stimulus with a learned response to it (once it has been associated with a UCS)
What is generalisation in classical conditioning?
When a stimulus similar to the CS causes the same learned response
What is discrimination in classical conditioning?
When a stimulus similar to the CS doesn’t cause the CR (learned response) to activate
What is Extinction in classical conditioning?
When a learned response stops occurring in response to the CS because they became unpaired over time
What is Spontaneous Recovery in classical conditioning?
When a previously forgotten response returns/starts to happen again
What did Watson and Rayner find which supports classical conditioning?
A child could be conditioned to learn a phobia to a rat through classical conditioning and it was generalised to similar objects
What is an issue with Watson and Rayner?
It is a small sample and therefore the results about learning of a phobia might not be the same for others
What did Pavlov find?
Dogs can be taught responses to stimulus through classical conditioning i.e. salivating to a bell
What is an issue with Pavlov?
The research from animals cannot be applied to humans because they have differences in their biology which effect behaviour
Why is classical conditioning useful?
It both explains where phobias comes from and how they can be treated i.e. through flooding
