V and R of diagnosis Flashcards
What would it mean if a diagnosis was valid?
A patient was given the correct diagnosis of an illness for the one they have
What would it mean if a diagnosis was reliable?
You would get the same diagnosis is rediagnosed
What is construct validity?
The diagnostic manual is operationalised correctly and has the correct symptoms for each illnes
What is concurrent validity?
Two different diagnostic methods e.g. the two manuals agree
What is meant by predictive validity?
We can predict the progression of the illness or the effectiveness of the treatment
What is inter-rater reliablity?
Two different doctors agree on the diagnosis
What in intra-rater reliability?
If you are rediagnosed again later by the same doctor you get the same diagnosis
What is meant by Aeitiological validity?
The patient has the correct causal factor for the illness we have diagnosed them with
What about the diagnostic systems makes diagnosis more reliable?
They have standardised symptoms that everyone uses
What is the issue with shared symptoms between illnesses
It might make diagnosis less valid if multiple illnesses have the same symptoms as people might be misdiagnosed.
Why does the existence of different manuals impact validity of diagnosis?
They might have different criteria which raises questions for the concurrent validity
What about the diagnostic systems makes diagnosis less reliable?
Bias in diagnosis (cultural, gender etc) by the doctor
What did Rosenhan find about validity of diagnosis?
Diagnosis might not be valid because patients can lie and be given the wrong diagnosis
What did Rosenhan find about reliablity of diagnosis?
Diagnosis is reliable because all but one were given the same diagnosis of Schizophrenia when presenting the same symptoms
What did Ford and Widiger find about validity and reliablity of diagnosis?
males and females diagnosed differently with same symptoms (doctor bias)
What did Ward et al find about validity and reliablity of diagnosis?
False diagnosis was caused 32.5% inconsistency with the interpretation of symptoms and 62.5% was due to the inadequacy of the classification system
What did Lee find about validity and reliablity of diagnosis?
Found good concurrent validity between ADHD diagnosis in Korea using DSM criteria
What did Jakobsen et al find about validity and reliablity of diagnosis?
An ICD-10 diagnosis showed 93% sensitivity and 87% predictive value when diagnosing schizophrenia
What did Goldstein find about validity and reliablity of diagnosis?
found that 169 of the 199 patients were rediagnosed with Schizophrenia when DSM was updated
What did Stinchfield find about validity and reliablity of diagnosis?
91% accuracy on diagnosing gambling disorder when using DSM 5
What did Cheniaux find about validity and reliablity of diagnosis?
They found that schizophrenia was more common when using ICD-10 rather than DSM-IV
What did Brown 2001 find about validity and reliablity of diagnosis?
Brown found good-to-excellent reliability for most of the DSM-IV categories. However, they found some boundary problems with certain disorders
What did Nicholls find about validity and reliablity of diagnosis?
ICD 10 was used it was found to be only a 36% agreement for eating disorders
What did Powers find about validity and reliablity of diagnosis?
women who had suffered complex post traumatic disorder also had higher levels of alcohol and substance misuse as predicted by ICD 11, showing that ICD 11 does have good predictive validity
What is a patient factor effecting diagnosis?
They may give faulty information due to stigma
What did Kim-Cohen find about validity and reliablity of diagnosis?
found that the DSM has predictive validity for conduct disorders in children (1) as a larger majority of children who had at least three conduct disorder symptoms at five years old according to DSM had at least one educational difficulty two years later
What did Morey find about validity and reliablity of diagnosis?
found that DSM 5 was more reliable than DSM IV in diagnosing borderline personality disorder so diagnosis of mental health disorders should be reliable if DSM V was used
What did Reiger find about validity and reliablity of diagnosis?
DSM 5 had a concordance rate of 0.46 for schizophrenia so might not be reliable
What did Cooper find about validity of diagnosis?
where the same patient was diagnosed with schizophrenia twice in New York two times more than in London
What did Andrews find about validity and reliablity of diagnosis?
found that DSM IV and ICD had agreement rates for disorders such as depression, therefore it can be said that both systems have concurrent validity.
