Deprivation Flashcards
What is deprivation?
Having had an attachment form and then losing it
What can cause deprivation?
Death, hospitalisation, divorce, daycare/work
Signs of short term deprivation include:
Protest, Despair, Detachment
What is Protest?
The child gets upset, cries etc
Despair is?
When the child shows low emotions, sadness and mopiness
Detachment is?
The bond between parent and child is and takes time to recover
What can long term deprivation lead to?
A poor/damaged internal working model
What is a problem with a damaged internal working model?
It can lead to Affectionless Psychopathy, Delinquency & relationship issues
What is affectionless psychopathy?
A lack of remorse, guilt for actions and caring for others
What can help to reduce deprivation effects?
Substitute care like Robertson, Key workers in daycare as an alternative attachment, Being part time at nursery, Seeing both parents, visiting hours at hospital, Maintain routines
What did Robertson discover?
They discovered children in hospital went through PDD
What did Bowlby 44 thieves do/find?
Interviewed 44 criminal teens and 44 controls about childhood and clinical interviews. They found 17 of the criminals had separations vs 2 in control. 14 were Affectionless vs 0 in control.
What did Olsvasky do/find?
fMRI scanned 33 instutionalised children and a control. The parents assessed their child for indiscriminate friendliness. He found that the institutionalised children did show less difference in amygdala functioning between mothers and strangers compared to the control group.
What did Spitz do/find?
Institutionalised children were more likely to show depression, especially after 3 months and it took months for bond to record
What did Goldfarb do/find?
studied 15 children who had stayed in an institution up to the age of 3 before being fostered. He compared them to a group of children who had been fostered from 6 months of age. He found that those who were fostered later showed more problems in adolescence compared to those who were fostered early
What did Rutter do/find?
Studied boys and found . He found that the majority did not become delinquent, but for those who did the separation usually involved other stressful factors such as a parent in prison, mental health issues, and family breakdown. This was what caused the issues
What did Skeels and Dye do/find?
Compared children from a care home to those from an institution Children looked after in the care home had an improved IQ over an 18 month period, where as children from institute had a reduced IQ
What did Follan and Minnis do/find?
Relooked at the 44 thieves and decided that affectionless psychopathy would nowadays be classed as reactive attachment disorder and it is the mistreatment rather than separation which causes it.
What is an issue with many studies like Robertson and Robertson, Goldfarb etc
They are case studies with small samples so are not representative of a wider population
What are applications of research into deprivation?
They can inform care e.g. using key workers and named nurses to reduce deprivation
What is an issue with studies like Goldfarb which Rutter highlights?
It might be the mistreatment/institutionalisation which causes the issues not the separation itself
What is a strength of Olsvasky?
It is empirical as measures brain activity
What is a weakness of Bowlby 44 thieves using interviews?
Bowlby used retrospective interviews and so bias/social desirability is an issue even though they gather large amounts of data
What is an issue with much of the research looking at institutions etc?
They lack temporal validity as institution and hospital policies have changed
What is a strength of using a control group like many deprivation studies do?
They allow for a comparision with the deprived group which allows for a more valid comparison to see the effects of deprivation
