Synapse, CNS and Neurotransmitters

Question 1

A neurone is

Answer 1

A nerve fibre which carries electrical signals in the brain

Question 2

A neurotransmitter is

Answer 2

A chemical which carries messages between nerve cells

Question 3

A hormone is

Answer 3

A chemical carried in the blood which spreads messages around the body

Question 4

What is the central nervous system?

Answer 4

The brain and the spinal cord

Question 5

What is this blue area of the brain?

Answer 5

Frontal lobe- responsible for emotional control and higher order thinking

Question 6

What is this red area of the brain?

Answer 6

Occipital lobe- for vision

Question 7

What is this green area of the brain?

Answer 7

Temporal lobe- for memory and hearing

Question 8

What is this yellow area of the brain?

Answer 8

Parietal lobe- controling bodily sensation and movement

Question 9

What is the role of a dendrite?

Answer 9

It collects signals and delivers them to the main body of the nerve cell

Question 10

What is the role of a axon?

Answer 10

It carries the electrical signal down the length of the neurone

Question 11

What is the role of an axon terminal?

Answer 11

It passes the electrical signal to the next neurone

Question 12

What is the role of a myelin sheath?

Answer 12

It insulates the axon of the cell to stop the electrical signal disapating and speeding it up

Question 13

What is a synapse?

Answer 13

The end of one neurone and the beginning of another which has a gap and information must pass across

Question 14

What is a vesicle?

Answer 14

A ‘bubble’ which is full of neurostransmitters that it can release into the synaptic gap

Question 15

What is a synaptic gap?

Answer 15

The space between two neurones which neurotransmitters must drift through

Question 16

What is a receptor?

Answer 16

An area on the second neurone which neurotransmitters bind to and create a new impulse

Question 17

What is the process of synaptic transmission?

Answer 17

A nerve impulse causes a release of neurotransmitter from the vesicles. These neurotransmitters drift across the synaptic gap. On the next neurone the neurotransmitters bind to receptor sites.

Question 18

What is the role of Dopamine?

Answer 18

It creates a sense of reward or enjoyment

Question 19

What is the role of Serotonin?

Answer 19

It creates a feeling of relaxation and happiness

Question 20

What is the role of Cortisol?

Answer 20

It creates a feeling of stress

Question 21

What is an action potential?

Answer 21

the change in electrical potential associated with the passage of an impulse along the membrane of a muscle cell or nerve cell.

Question 22

Where does a brain cell’s activity begin?

Answer 22

-70mv resting potential

Question 23

Where does the all-or-nothing principle come in?

Answer 23

-55mvs the threshold

Question 24

What happens after a threshold has been met?

Answer 24

Depolarisation

Question 25

What is depolarisation?

Answer 25

Where the cell is becoming less negative inside as ions move in and out

Question 26

What is at the peak of the action potential graph?

Answer 26

+40mv the action potential firing

Question 27

What happens after the action potential firees?

Answer 27

Repolarisation

Question 28

What is repolarisation?

Answer 28

Where the cell is becoming more negative inside as ions move in and out

Question 29

What happens at the end of the action potential process?

Answer 29

Hyperpolarisation where the inside of the cell gets extra negative