williams

Question 1

What is the aim of Williams?

Answer 1

To test remote forms of CBT to see if imagination based cognitive bias modification would impact positively on iCBT outcomes/effectiveness of CBM and iCBT to treat depression

Question 2

How many people are in the sample of Williams?

Answer 2

69

Question 3

Where are the sample from in Williams?

Answer 3

Australia

Question 4

How were the sample gathered?

Answer 4

Self-selecting on the internet

Question 5

What was used to make sure the individuals in Williams had depression?

Answer 5

DSM interview

Question 6

Who was filtered out by Williams?

Answer 6

Alcoholics, those with comobidity, the most serious cases of depression

Question 7

What design is this study?

Answer 7

Independent measures (only in either the treatment group or waiting list)

Question 8

Name tests used by Williams to test Depression?

Answer 8

PHQ9, Beck depression inventory, WHO disability scale

Question 9

When were the tests completed?

Answer 9

Before CBM, after BCM (1 week) and after ICBT (10 weeks)

Question 10

The treatment group underwent Cognitive bias modification what did this entail?

Answer 10

20mins each day of mental imagery training

Question 11

How long did the treatment group complete CBM?

Answer 11

1 week

Question 12

Following the CBM the treatment group did ICBT for how long?

Answer 12

10 weeks

Question 13

What did the ICBT involve?

Answer 13

No face-to-face contact, it consists of 6 online lessons and regular homework

Question 14

What did the control group do?

Answer 14

Nothing (no CBM or ICBT)

Question 15

What were the results of the tests at the baseline (before CBM)

Answer 15

There was no difference between the two groups (so they’re a good comparison)

Question 16

What were the results after the treatment group got CBM and the control group did not?

Answer 16

Both groups improved by the treatment group improved most (BDI was 18.96 vs 24.82)

Question 17

What were the results after the treatment group got ICBT and the control group did not?

Answer 17

Both groups improved by the treatment group improved most (BDI was 10.40 vs 20.54)

Question 18

What is an issue of using an online sample in Williams?

Answer 18

They have shared characteristics e.g. depression severity which could make their results less representative

Question 19

What is an issue of where Williams’ sample was from?

Answer 19

Ethnocentric as all from Australia which doesn’t represent depression in other cultures

Question 20

What is good about the filters?

Answer 20

It reduces EVs e.g. comorbidty which could impact the results (it also makes it more ethical)

Question 21

Why did they do DSM IV interview?

Answer 21

It improves validity because it means we know they all had depression

Question 22

What is an issue with have separate control and therapy groups for the study?

Answer 22

It means there are participant variables between the two groups as it is independent measures

Question 23

how were they assigned to the different conditions and why is that good?

Answer 23

They were random which means there is less bias (in assigning certain people to certain groups)

Question 24

Why use certified tests like Beck, WHO, PHQ9 etc?

Answer 24

It improves the validity as they are all certified tests we know ‘work’ to measure depression

Question 25

What is a benefit of using Beck, PHQ9 , WHO disability index etc

Answer 25

Triangulation so get improved concurrent validity

Question 26

What is an issue of doing a study over 11 weeks in a real world setting (of them getting therapy)?

Answer 26

There are lots of EVs which could impact on their depression beyond the therapy

Question 27

What is an issue of using self-reports like Beck?

Answer 27

Lots of issues with social desirability where people might lie about their level of depression to portray themselves in a certainw way

Question 28

Why is having the control group a benefit?

Answer 28

To compare to the treatment group to make sure the CBM and ICBT actually had an effect